Every accepted pattern is tied back to specs, platform guidance, UX research, service manuals, or real product evidence.
| Source type | How to use it | Current coverage |
|---|---|---|
| hci-literature | Academic interaction evidence | 2 sources backing 2 patterns |
| pattern-library | Pattern inventory evidence | 222 sources backing 167 patterns |
| platform-guideline | Platform behavior and convention evidence | 197 sources backing 121 patterns |
| product-example | Observed product implementation evidence | 218 sources backing 89 patterns |
| service-manual | Task completion and public-service evidence | 58 sources backing 56 patterns |
| spec | Normative accessibility and semantics evidence | 163 sources backing 149 patterns |
| ux-research | Research-backed interaction guidance | 37 sources backing 51 patterns |
Evaluates quick exit buttons across sensitive support websites and supports treating exit mechanisms as a distinct safety pattern with real limitations and implementation tradeoffs.
Documents a password strength estimator inspired by password crackers that estimates guesses, crack times, score, warning, and suggestions rather than relying on simple character-class rules.
Documents menu anatomy, trigger relationship, menu item labels, descriptions, values, unavailable and disabled states, sections, dividers, submenus, keyboard focus, text wrapping, action versus selection variants, and keyboard interactions.
Documents toast as a transient feedback component with status variants, action constraints, placement, and content guidance for brief in-product messages.
Documents production data-grid accessibility concerns including keyboard navigation, screen reader testing, role grid versus treegrid, row and column counts, row and cell indices, selected and expanded states, aria-sort, DOM order, virtualization tradeoffs, and known limitations with pinned or grouped structures.
Documents progress-indicator accessibility requirements for descriptive step labels, visible and assistive-technology status changes, color-independent status labels, cannot-start-yet states, explanatory alerts for unavailable steps, and screen-reader understanding of current step and remaining work.
Documents conditional reveal guidance for radios, checkboxes, and selects; recommends limiting revealed content to one related set of questions or information, placing it under the initial input, using another page for complete forms or submit actions, and avoiding unrelated revealed content.
Documents highlighting and snippeting as search UI patterns for showing why a result matched a query, with matched words, highlight attributes, snippets, performance limits, pre/post tags, and sanitization warnings.
Defines banner as a prominent message displayed at the top of the screen.
Documents dropdown menus as lists of actions or options and places dropdown items, checkbox items, radio items, popup layering, and menu components in the navigation and overlay system.
Documents empty states for moments when there is no content to show, with clear explanation, relevant next action, and variants for error, filtered, and permission cases.
Documents error-message content strategy including direct language, clear next steps, specific calls to action, and matching message treatment to the user's journey.
Defines flags as confirmations, alerts, and acknowledgments that require minimal user interaction, often displayed in a flag group.
Documents inline message as a component for letting users know important information is available or an action is required.
Documents lozenge as a compact visual indicator for quick recognition of an item's status, supporting the boundary between static status markers and broader messaging or action components.
Defines inline edit as a custom input component that switches between reading and editing on the same page.
Frames modal dialogs as layered content that requires user interaction above the page.
Documents onboarding spotlight as focused messages or multi-step tours for introducing new features, useful as a contrast source for feature-tour onboarding surfaces.
Documents warning and danger modal appearances, including destructive delete examples that explain permanent consequences, list affected child content, provide cancel, and use a danger action.
Documents a user picker dropdown that lets users search and select users, supports required fields, single and multi selection, selected account IDs, avatar URLs, names, and email metadata.
Documents Back link use in multi-page transactions, placement before main content, never combining it with breadcrumbs, returning to the previous page in its last-seen state, JavaScript fallback behavior, and clearer text for complex journeys.
Documents Back link use only on transactional services or multi-page forms, avoiding content pages and breadcrumbs, preserving previously entered information under WCAG 2.2 redundant-entry guidance, top-left placement before main, and button rendering when posting form data back.
Documents input-and-dropdown selection for filtering, multi-selection with chips, removable selected items, Backspace removal, required validation, select-all support, and multiple selection modes.
Documents button hierarchy, multiple button emphasis, related calls to action, primary and secondary button placement, fluid and stacked button groups, recommended button combinations, and icon consistency inside button groups.
Documents combo box as a dropdown/listbox hybrid where users type into a field to find matching options, clear text, select one option, and optionally enter a custom value when the implementation permits values outside the predefined list.
Documents sortable data-table columns, sorted and unsorted header states, arrow indicators, sortable header placement, toolbar separation, search behavior, pagination placement, expandable rows for supplementary detail, and related table interactions.
Documents multiselect dropdowns with checkbox options, menu persistence while selecting, selected-count tags, clear-all behavior, optional parent checkbox, and filtering for long option lists.
Distinguishes no-data, user-action, and error-management empty states, including no-results feedback after search and filter actions.
Documents filtering as adding or removing predefined attributes from data sets, including multi-category filters, batch versus instant updates, visible applied-filter indicators, and reset behavior.
Documents loading indicators for processing states, expected waits over three seconds, full-page and component overlays, small inline loading, optional labels for context, disabled related actions while loading, and skeleton alternatives for progressively displayed content.
Documents inline, toast, actionable, and modal notifications, including guidance for actionable messages, long messages, and notification placement relative to page content.
Documents notification status and type choices, including banner notifications as product or system level messages that persist at the top of the related content area until dismissed.
Documents number input as a numeric value field with two-segment increase and decrease controls, small incremental changes, labels, helper text, default values, warning, error, disabled, read-only, keyboard behavior, and slider or text-input alternatives for large ranges or exact wide-range values.
Documents pagination placement below related table or page content, items-per-page and current-page information, responsive behavior, and previous/next navigation.
Documents active, focused, recent, and type-ahead search behaviors, including query suggestions, keyboard navigation, result counts, and widening search scope.
Documents default single-value sliders, range sliders, labels, min and max values, number input pairing, focus and active states, warning, error, disabled, read-only, skeleton, tooltip, and single-value versus range use.
Describes line, contained, and vertical tabs, including keeping tab panels visually connected to selected tabs and avoiding vertical tabs as replacement navigation.
Documents tag variants for labeling, categorization, dismissing, selecting, and operational disclosure, including placement, truncation, clickable areas, read-only non-interactive tags, and limits for heavily wrapped tag groups.
Documents a rich text toolbar containing editor commands such as undo, redo, typeface, type size, bold, italic, alignment, lists, indentation, links, attachments, and search, with customization by adding or removing icon buttons.
Documents toggles as immediate, reversible binary controls for single settings, with on/off, focus, disabled, read-only, skeleton, label, state text, and click target guidance.
Documents contained lists for compact spaces such as cards, sidebars, and disclosures, including a header, item rows, inline actions, interactive elements, and organization of related content inside smaller UI regions.
Documents date picker anatomy, labels, manually typed date fields, calendar icons, calendar menus, month and year controls, previous and next month controls, weekday rows, open and error states, validation, localization, and use of calendar pickers for scheduling or date relationships.
Documents range calendar picker behavior with start and end dates, manually typed endpoint fields, selected start date, days in range, end-date hover and focus, next and previous month movement, range selection by two clicks or keyboard, min and max dates, and calendar close after end date.
Documents upload button and drop-zone text, uploaded filename display, loading, success, uploaded, invalid states, file removal, focus return after file dialog, keyboard activation, and per-file or whole-uploader error guidance.
Documents form anatomy, layout, labels, helper text, required and optional indicators, validation states, and the distinction between shorter simple forms and longer product-oriented complex forms used to configure enterprise software.
Documents structured lists for grouped, scannable information with multiple rows, stacked hierarchy within row content, read-only and selectable variants, and simple row-level comparison without full data-table behavior.
Documents time picker anatomy as label, hour and minute text input, AM/PM selector, and timezone selector; supports specific time entry, 12-hour and 24-hour systems, uppercase AM and PM, timezone specification, individual field errors, and internationalization.
Documents a right-side panel as an optional shell panel for additional actions or content associated with a header icon, including anchoring, width, viewport height, expansion, and dismissal behavior.
AI design-system guidance for visually and behaviorally distinct AI instances, AI explainability, transparency, AI labels, and AI components.
Documents the UI shell header as persistent global navigation, including system and product links, responsive movement into panels, sense of place, and state preservation.
Documents determinate and indeterminate progress bars, percentage or ratio helper text, active/success/error states, labels close to the bar, region busy relationships, and guidance to use loading or skeleton alternatives when progress is not measurable or the load is brief.
Documents progress indicators for linear multistep tasks, completed/current/future states, short action labels, optional/error helper text, validation before progressing, interactive step navigation, and keyboard arrow navigation when interactive.
Documents a fixed left panel and side-nav structure, including full-height placement, 256px panel width, link and submenu heights, indentation, selected border, icons, and sentence-case menu labels.
Documents skeletons for regions or sections, not specific interactive elements, cautions against placeholder content that will change, and disables motion when reduced motion is preferred.
Discusses modern accessible carousel implementation with semantic HTML, CSS scrolling features, interactivity, ARIA roles, and accessible controls.
Documents inline editing for resource properties and table cells, including editable indicators, confirm and dismiss actions, contextual validation, refresh behavior, and sorting implications after edited values change.
Documents 404 use for missing pages, removed pages, incorrect links, and URL typos, with guidance for next actions, search or homepage routes, standard header and footer, responsive behavior, working links, analytics, and keyboard access.
Documents dismissible filter chips for applied result filters, including clear remove labels, focusability, keyboard removal with Enter, Backspace, or Delete, short non-wrapping labels, spacing, and avoiding non-removable badge misuse.
Documents official-government banner usage and warns against using the banner without both an appropriate government domain and HTTPS or anywhere it would be misleading.
Documents calendar picker as a single date field with text entry and a visual calendar, recommends it for recent or future dates and day-of-week relevance, allows flexible typed formats, warns against memorable or distant-past dates, and describes focus return, keyboard navigation, screen reader announcements, and disabled date restrictions.
Documents panels as supplemental information and input surfaces directly related to primary content, including modal and non-modal behavior, fixed right-side presentation, close affordances, shallow navigation, and responsive adaptations.
Documents onboarding goals such as welcome, orient, notify, explain, and take action, with guidance for optional exit, benefit-focused content, contextual teaching, empty states, wizards, and setup flows.
Defines drawers as secondary content surfaces sliding in from an edge for supplemental information and simple actions related to main content, with guidance to use popovers for shorter contextual information and dialogs for confirmations.
Documents segmented controls as single-context, mutually exclusive view/state switches, discouraging actions, page navigation, wrapping, and mixed text/icon labels.
Describes menus as hidden option lists shown from triggers such as buttons, avatars, or icons, with guidance to use menus for immediate actions or navigation and use input controls for collecting information.
Describes popovers as small brief contextual surfaces, cautions against essential task content and nesting, and covers layout, sizing, positioning, and accessibility considerations.
Documents cards as containers for information and actions related to a single concept or object, with preview, header, footer, hierarchy, behavior, and accessibility guidance.
Documents tooltip placement near targets, optional arrows, aria-describedby association, essential-content limits, concise wording, and disabled-control explanation guidance.
Documents multi-splitter panes with percentage or pixel sizes, min and max values, resizable behavior, collapsible panes, and multiple pane arrangements.
Documents React list guidance including list, listbox, and grid role choices, list item layout, actions inside list items, keyboard navigation inside multi-action list items, and choosing roles based on item content and intended functionality.
Documents Fluent toolbar as a W3C-aligned control grouping with toolbar semantics for buttons, menu buttons, and checkboxes, including the value of communicating grouped command purpose to screen reader users.
Documents dialog modality using W3C language, including inert content behind a modal dialog and a contained tab sequence.
Documents manual save versus auto-save, auto-saving changes in forms and drafts, per-input autosave timing, saving and saved feedback, undo, retry after failed autosave, leave-page warnings, and guidance to avoid autosave for sensitive financial, security, or privacy-impacting changes.
Documents switches for features, settings, or hardware with clear on/off logic, noun labels, delayed effect indication, and insensitive state when unavailable.
Documents cookie banner use when a service sets cookies, accept and reject actions for non-essential cookies, saved preference confirmation, one-year preference storage, no non-essential cookies before consent, no sticky positioning, and cookies-page linkage.
Documents button behavior, disabled button support, and slow post-action states where users need information about what is happening.
Documents checkbox groups for one or more selections, fieldset and legend grouping, select-all-that-apply hints, group errors, independent checked values, and caution against using checkboxes for single-choice lists.
Documents confirming access to a mobile phone with a text-message security code, one-time-code autocomplete, numeric input mode, familiar code formatting, 15-minute expiry, expired-code recovery, request-new-code routes, change-number recovery during account creation, no-phone access support during sign-in, and technical controls such as delay after repeated incorrect entries.
Documents email confirmation loops using links or security codes, expiry conditions, resend, blocking versus non-blocking loops, activate-account page design, and confirmation only where mailbox access matters.
Documents email address capture with clear purpose text, type email, autocomplete email, spellcheck false, paste support, 254-character capacity, at least 30 visible characters, format errors, confirmation back to users, common provider typo warnings with proceed option, and email confirmation loops only when access is essential.
Documents field-adjacent validation messages, preserving entered answers, connecting messages to form controls, and writing clear correction text.
Documents top-of-page validation summaries with focus behavior, linked error items, and wording consistency with field messages.
Documents the Exit this page component for quickly leaving a service, website, or application, including visible activation, assistive technology activation, and content-covering loading behavior.
Documents asking for names only when needed, using Full name for single fields, choosing single or multiple fields based on service need, supporting long names and all needed characters, using autocomplete name or given-name and family-name, disabling spellcheck, avoiding title fields, allowing name changes, and showing specific errors.
Documents a password input with type password, current-password autocomplete, show and hide toggle labels and announcements, error messages, default hidden state, no confirm field, paste support, spellcheck disabled, autocapitalization disabled, and guidance for incorrect login attempts.
Documents helping users create strong unique passwords, allowing paste, avoiding confusing restrictions, using at least 8 characters, not setting a maximum length, explaining restrictions, blocking commonly used passwords, avoiding forced periodic changes, reset questions, reminders, and emailed passwords.
Documents collecting phone numbers only when genuinely needed, offering contact choice, clear UK, international, or mobile labels, purpose hints, type tel, autocomplete tel, field-specific errors, familiar entry formats, avoiding input masks, avoiding confusing reformatting, and careful tel link behavior.
Documents radio groups for one option from a list, fieldset and legend grouping, no careless pre-selection, optional hints, and validation errors for the group.
Documents native select controls with labels, hints, error messages, selected values, long-list caution, and advice to avoid pre-selecting answers for questions.
Documents tags as status indicators, recommends non-interactive adjective labels, gives one-status and two-status examples, and warns against using tags as links, buttons, or action controls.
Documents warning text for important consequences of an action or lack of action, with an icon, visible warning wording, and appropriate hidden fallback text.
Documents multiple address text inputs, address lookup for UK addresses, manual alternatives for international or missing lookup records, postcode tolerance, optional county guidance, autocomplete attributes, and field-specific errors.
Documents asking for bank or building society account details when paying users, secure in-service collection, account holder name, sort code, account number, optional building society roll number, no account-type question, and field-specific validation messages.
Documents character count for limited textarea content with max characters or max words, thresholded count display, assistive-technology messages, static no-JavaScript fallback text, error handling when over the limit, and research-backed advice to test without the component before adding it.
Documents final review before submission, sectioned summary lists, change links, pre-populated answers when returning to previous pages, and returning users to the check answers page without repeating the rest of the transaction.
Documents date input for dates users already know or can look up, three grouped day/month/year text fields, fieldset and legend structure, valid example date hints, numeric input mode, month-name tolerance, no automatic tabbing, autocomplete attributes for birth dates, and group-level error messages.
Documents when to ask users for uploads, labelled file input structure, hint and error message support, single and multiple file selection, improved upload component behavior, drag-and-drop support, translated component text, and file-count error wording.
Documents inset text for highlighting important content on a page, including guidance not to overuse it and to keep it close to relevant content.
Documents question-page guidance for asking one question per page, using the question as the page heading, placing explanatory text before the question, and keeping related controls on the same page only when they answer the same question.
Documents summary rows with key, value, and row actions; summary cards for multiple related lists; and accessible action text such as visually hidden context for Change links.
Documents single-line text input markup with required label, optional hint, error message, aria-describedby wiring, autocomplete attributes for input purpose, and prefix or suffix options.
Documents prefix and suffix options for text input, including currency examples, label and hint requirements, affixes positioned outside the input, screen reader cautions, and validation that should allow users who type the prefix or suffix into the field.
Documents textarea markup with required label, optional hint, rows, spellcheck, disabled state, value, aria-describedby for hint and error text, and specific error message templates for empty, too short, too long, or disallowed-character states.
Documents when to use the GOV.UK header, the requirement to show GOV.UK-wide identity and tools at the top of GOV.UK services, and the boundary between header content and Service navigation.
Documents 404 page copy, page title and H1 requirements, service contact guidance, reasons users may reach a missing page, link-testing duties, and exclusions such as breadcrumbs, jargon, humor, and red warning text.
Documents phase banners for services still being worked on, alpha and beta tag use, mandatory use on service.gov.uk domains until live assessment, placement after service navigation or GOV.UK header, service-wide display, feedback links, and preserving the user's place.
Documents service unavailable pages for planned closure, temporary or permanent unavailability, return time, saved answers, replacement service, and offline contact or support paths.
Documents task list rows with task names, statuses, optional hint text, whole-row links, grouped task lists, status wording, and use for long complex services where users choose task order or return later.
Documents masked input for non-password sensitive information, show and hide behavior, visual obfuscation limits, copy button option, multiline secret values, and distinction from password input.
Documents in-page navigation for lengthy content pages, sticky same-page section links, smooth scrolling to target sections, generated links based on main content headings, and current-section highlighting using Intersection Observer behavior.
Documents a TreeList as a toolbar plus treegrid composite, with the treegrid as a single tab stop, roving tabindex or aria-activedescendant focus management, focus movement to cells or inner elements, and empty-tree focus behavior.
Documents TreeList ARIA structure, separate toolbar and treegrid roles, aria-controls from toolbar to treegrid, role treegrid on the tree grid root, aria-expanded on expanded rows, hidden decorative expand icons, and manual screen-reader testing expectations.
Documents the Back link variation as a breadcrumb replacement for multi-step forms, short forms, and related-page returns, and clarifies link-versus-button behavior for navigation versus state-changing actions.
Documents common causes of no-results pages and recommends clear feedback, prevention, and recovery actions for search, filter, and sort journeys.
Documents table sorting through clickable column headers, visible active sort mode with suffix icons, unsorted state, ascending and descending modes, and the relationship between table sorting and search, filter, and sort journeys.
Defines dialog as a disruptive overlay for decisions or acknowledgement, recommends sparing use for high urgency, and explicitly names destructive-action confirmation as a valid dialog use.
Documents input masks as controls for consistent formatted entry, including credit card grouping, copy/paste and correction requirements, hint text for complex formats, and cases where prefix/suffix or ordinary input is a better fit.
Documents side sheet anatomy, standard and modal side sheet variants, close affordances, optional actions, scrims, drag behavior, and dismiss behavior.
Defines bottom sheets as secondary content anchored to the bottom of the screen, with standard and modal variants.
Defines side sheets as secondary content surfaces anchored to the side of the screen, with standard and modal variants.
Describes rich tooltips as contextual UI-element help that can include a subhead, links, and buttons, supporting the boundary between short tooltips and richer hover/focus content.
Documents bottom navigation bars for three to five primary app destinations at the bottom of mobile screens, with icons, labels, selected state, and destination-only behavior.
Documents text, outlined, contained, toggle, and icon button treatments, including icon-and-text combinations and icon-only controls whose icon must clearly signify the action.
Documents navigation drawers as destination lists in a side or bottom sheet, including permanent and dismissible variants, active items, hierarchy, scrim behavior, and focus management when drawers close.
Documents offline states for apps and features, slow or missing connection planning, visible no-internet labeling, offline-capable feature affordances, download/offline indicators, and avoiding state controls that imply one-time downloads.
Documents sliders for selecting values by moving a thumb, intensity settings such as volume and brightness, continuous sliders for subjective ranges, discrete sliders for specific values, editable numeric values, value labels, and disabled states.
Documents full-screen dialogs as dialog presentations with explicit save or dismiss behavior, supporting full-viewport task space when a compact dialog is too small.
Documents snackbars as brief messages that can include an action such as Undo so users can amend recent choices.
Documents text fields with labels, helper text, error messages, formatted inputs, grouped characters, cursor jumps across separators, character counters, and prefix or suffix alternatives.
Defines the top app bar as the surface for branding, current screen title, navigation, action icons, overflow, scrolling behavior, and contextual action bars.
Documents continuous, discrete, and range sliders, separate value-start and value-end range properties, value labels for range handles, start and end aria labels and value text, min, max, step, ticks, and disabled state.
Documents filtering lists and search results, including selected filters, clear filters, apply behavior, and research notes from live services.
Documents a search component with a labeled search field, submit action, hint support, and no-results guidance.
Documents a whole-page accessible calendar component for selecting appointment times, with selectable and unavailable dates, selected date, time slots, and audit findings.
Documents a pre-outage banner for scheduled outages of a whole platform or individual service, including what will be unavailable, when, and why.
Documents object-valued autocomplete options, getOptionLabel, isOptionEqualToValue for correct selection and highlighting, unique option keys for duplicate labels, controlled input versus selected value state, async search, multiple values, and custom value rendering.
Documents a table example with expandable rows that reveal additional row-specific information through a collapsible section.
Defines a transfer list, also called a shuttle, as a component for moving one or more list items between lists, shows move-all and enhanced select-all variants with selected counters, and notes desktop and limited-option constraints.
Documents Data Grid density values standard, compact, and comfortable, controlled and uncontrolled density, densityChange events, and toolbar density selector behavior.
Documents data-grid keyboard navigation, one focusable element in the page tab sequence, renderCell focus-management responsibility, arrow-key cell movement, Home and End movement, row selection shortcuts, copying, and sortable column-header keyboard behavior.
Documents Tree View selection modes including single selection, multi-selection with modifier and range selection, disabled selection, checkbox selection, leaf-only selectable items, controlled selected items, selection-change callbacks, and imperative item selection APIs.
Documents site alerts for urgent sitewide information, standard and slim variants, emergency and info modifiers, optional close and expand behavior, top-of-page placement, and combining multiple messages into one alert.
Documents summary box component anatomy, heading, body content, lists, links, and usage for summarizing key information.
Documents contents lists for small groups of related pages, current-page state, short descriptive link labels, paired pagination in mini-hubs, and warnings against using the component for unrelated pages or forms.
Documents date input for exact dates users already know, three grouped day/month/year fields, fieldset and legend structure, example date hints, inputmode numeric, birthday autocomplete attributes, and error handling for missing or invalid date parts.
Documents task list use for long complex services, user-chosen task order, startable statuses, completed status after returning, all-completed gating, task names, hint text, grouped lists, and status text.
Documents drawers for context-sensitive actions and information, explicitly distinguishing them from modals by saying they should not block users from completing their task.
Documents skeletons for dynamic content only, use of aria-busy on loading regions, and removing busy state once loaded.
Documents open and collapsed filter displays, instant and batch filter panels, mobile full-screen filter behavior, applied-count indicators, sticky apply actions, and retaining selected values.
Documents On this Page jump links for long pages with at least two H2 section titles, same-page section summaries, keeping the first link close to its heading, moving focus to the destination heading, and using a navigation landmark.
Documents asking for an email address with type email, autocomplete email, purpose description, paste support, review through check answers, and email confirmation only where user research shows value.
Documents autocomplete as a text input with popup suggestions, combobox semantics, keyboard behavior, and selection from matching values.
Documents page navigation as an On this page component that can derive links from page headings or configured selectors and keep long-page navigation tied to the current page content.
Documents a wizard as a guided workflow for complex tasks, object creation, or a series of steps, including disabled, progressive, expandable, hidden, status, review, cancel, custom footer, step-change, save, and focus-after-next/back behavior.
Documents inline edit for lists, tables, expanded rows, and forms, including one-row-at-a-time editing, visible edit mode, save and cancel controls, disabled save until changes exist, dirty click-away confirmation, validation, and restrictions against drill-down or bulk editing.
Documents card groups, consistent visual asset types, similar content length, image aspect ratios, two-to-four card desktop groups, and vertical stacking on smaller viewports.
Frames progressive disclosure as hiding and showing information based on user interaction, recommends sparing use, context preservation, and avoiding disorientation.
Documents hover cards with configurable placement, collision handling, arrows, controlled state, open and close delays, and screen reader caveats.
Documents cards as selectable or navigable object summaries with preview, title, description, metadata, footer, status, action menu, variants, density, and asset, user, product, and collection card examples.
Documents a card-view collection component with card rendering, grid-like browsing, keyboard navigation, selection, dynamic collections, async loading, and object-card presentation.
Documents inline alerts as non-modal messages associated with objects in a view, with title, body, variants, and accessibility guidance.
Documents number fields with visible labels, required state, accessible naming, raw numeric form submission, locale-aware formatting, min and max values, clamping on blur, step values, stepper buttons, arrow-key and button commitment, units, percentages, and currency values.
Documents keyboard behavior where Tab focuses the trigger and shows the tooltip, Tab away hides it, and Escape removes the tooltip without moving focus away from the trigger.
Documents a dual listbox as two side-by-side listboxes where users select options in the source list, move them to the selected list, preserve and reorder selected options, apply min and max validation, use disabled move buttons when unavailable, and use keyboard shortcuts for moving, selecting, typeahead, and reordering.
Documents a record picker that searches Salesforce records, displays matching records, lets users select a record, supports record filters, custom display fields, validation, focus, and object restrictions.
Describes splitter as a way to customize workspace layout by interactively adjusting boundaries between two or more panels horizontally or vertically.
Documents illustrated empty and message states with title, description, optional actions, contextual sizing, and guidance to match the illustration and text to the situation.
Documents skeleton loading as a progress indicator for screens that are loading and cautions against combining multiple progress indicator types.
Documents drafts as interim versions of business entities, automatically saved in the background, used to preserve interrupted editing, prevent data loss, support validation and dynamic fields, lock editing, resume drafts in edit mode, and distinguish draft persistence from final active save.
Documents fixed-format mask input anatomy, mandatory labels, aria-described guidance, immutable characters, focus-time mask reveal, formatted paste handling, deletion behavior, localization, and avoidance when the mask blocks essential data.
Documents task lists for complicated forms and activities with current completion states, completed-section counts, application incomplete heading, and skip to first incomplete section.
Documents the Service navigation component for showing service identity, service navigation links, mobile collapse behavior, current or active navigation state, service-level slots, and accurate landmark labels.
Documents resizable panes as a component that organizes two pieces of page content while letting users resize or hide one side to fit their needs, such as a form beside an activity stream.
Documents hover cards as metadata, activity, and command previews that open on hover or focus, with keyboard behavior variants.
Documents empty states for missing content or first-use setup with focused explanation, illustration, primary action, and optional secondary action.
Documents menus as contextual action lists for resources, including accessible labels, related action grouping, icon support, keyboard navigation, disabled items, links, sections, and critical delete actions separated from grouped actions.
Documents a collection of same-type resource objects with object identity, navigation to detail, total count, empty and no-results states, loading, sorting, filtering, selection, bulk actions, and pagination.
Documents date range selection for analytics and multi-day events, with quick option lists, text inputs for large custom ranges, calendar selection for narrower scopes, two-month display for cross-month ranges, explicit Apply and Cancel controls, disabled date indication, and nonexistent-date recovery.
Describes bulk import as a multi-stage workflow with pre-import guardrails, file upload, column mapping, repair, duplicate handling, inline error fixing, final summary, and batch metadata.
Documents alert use for system status, validation messages, next steps, dismissibility, context relevance, and ARIA role choice by urgency.
Documents official-site identity banners that appear at the top of every page, use consistent text, avoid misleading use, and include accessibility guidance for labelled banner regions.
Documents button groups for contextually related actions, linear navigation actions such as Back and Continue, grouping semantics, responsive vertical stacking, segmented button groups, and cautions against unrelated or destructive action mixing.
Documents checkbox groups for multiple answers or toggles, selectable labels, vertical layout, positive labels, adequate touch targets, and fieldset/legend grouping.
Documents combo box use for choosing one item from a large list, filtering options by typed query, using select or radio controls for small option sets, preserving labels, and supporting accessible form states.
Documents mutually exclusive radio choices, label click targets, vertical layout, spacing, cautious defaults, and fieldset/legend accessibility requirements.
Documents range slider use when approximate or relative value matters more than precision, regular text input as the precise alternative, draggable and track-click behavior, min and max labels, step granularity, and screen reader callout units.
Documents select controls for about seven to 15 options in limited space, persistent labels, avoiding auto-submit, radio alternatives for fewer options, and combo box alternatives for longer lists.
Documents site alerts for urgent sitewide information, critical system notifications, every-page display, full-width top placement, avoiding stacked alerts, restrained emergency color, labelled regions, and ARIA role choice for dynamic updates.
Documents sortable table columns, aria-sort defaults, live announcements for sort state changes, sortable header behavior, and raw sort values for formatted numbers, dates, months, percentages, and file sizes.
Documents tags for drawing attention to new or categorized content, filtering results, unread counts, confusion with buttons, static versus interactive behavior, restraint, and live-region handling for dynamically loaded tagged content.
Documents a standard U.S. mailing or shipping address form with separate street, city, state, ZIP, and Puerto Rico urbanization fields, guidance for separate data elements, ZIP formats, and international-format caveats.
Documents character count support for text inputs and textareas with labels, hints, maxlength, aria-describedby wiring, default no-JavaScript limit messages, use cases for brevity or legal limits, and avoidance guidance for backend-only limits, implied lengths, or highly unlikely limit failures.
Documents date picker as a single-date calendar control for scheduling and day-of-week context, with manual date typing, visible mm/dd/yyyy hinting, min and max date settings, accessibility testing, keyboard navigation across days, weeks, months, and years, and guidance against auto-submission.
Documents date range picker as two labelled start and end date fields with calendar support, mm/dd/yyyy hints, scheduling and day-of-week use cases, manual typing, min and max date bounds, accessibility testing, no auto-submission, and known typing issues.
Documents form accessibility guidance including DOM order, validation aligned with inputs, fieldset and legend grouping, required indicators, and disabled-state cautions such as explaining why an element is disabled and supporting screen reader and keyboard users.
Documents accessibility guidance for forms with multiple controls, including DOM order matching visual order, validation aligned with inputs, fieldset and legend grouping, simple vertical layouts, required and optional field indicators, and avoiding confusing disabled states.
Documents input prefixes and suffixes for commonly understood symbols, units, abbreviations, and icons; requires descriptive labels because affixes are hidden from screen readers; warns against open-ended fields and unclear abbreviations; and documents error and success group states.
Documents memorable date as a manual month/day/year entry pattern for memorable, known, or findable dates, with separate month, day, and year text inputs, grouped fieldset semantics, numeric labels and hints, and guidance to consider a date picker for scheduling.
Defines text input as freeform letters, numbers, or symbols; recommends field widths that match expected answer length, delayed validation, avoiding placeholder-only help, and choosing alternatives for predetermined options.
Documents time picker as a labelled control for selecting a specific time from consistent increments, with dropdown filtering, clear hint text, min and max time in 24-hour hh:mm format, configurable minute step, default value, accessibility testing, and no auto-submission.
Documents breadcrumb bars for site hierarchy, upward navigation to parent sections, ordered-list markup, aria-label, aria-current, and mobile truncation guidance.
Documents site header variants that include primary navigation, including basic, megamenu, and extended header structures.
Documents language selector placement, two-language and three-or-more-language variants, equivalent translated content expectations, contrast, HTML lang use, list semantics, and language-specific labels with lang attributes.
Documents link text and destination clarity, external-link indicators and text context, file type and size disclosure, jump-link identification, and research findings that users rely on destination context more than icons.
Documents bounded pagination behavior including current page highlighting, first/current/previous/next/last visibility, hiding unavailable previous or next links at edges, and robust current-page links.
Documents process lists for high-level sequential steps or stages in important instructions or processes, recommends three to ten steps, parallel short headings, rich supporting content, semantic heading levels, and alternatives for step indicators, side navigation, unordered lists, and general text lists.
Defines side navigation as hierarchical vertical navigation at the side of a page, with one to three levels, current-page indication, short labels, and guidance to avoid unnecessary duplicate horizontal and vertical navigation.
Documents step indicators for multi-page forms or processes with three or more high-level steps, linear progression, separate back/next navigation, explicit headings, current/completed/pending treatment, and aria-current on the current labeled step.
Documents accordions as lists of headers that hide or reveal additional content, with bordered, borderless, multiselectable, and accessibility-tested component behavior.
Documents a summary box as a region for highlighting key information from a longer page or displaying next steps, with accessibility test status.
Describes recently viewed as a navigation pattern for recalling what the user interacted with last and helping them pick up activities where they left off.
Documents segmented buttons as 2-4 closely related choices for filtering, sorting, or switching views of one data set, with one option always active and local client-side updates.
Documents a summary box for surfacing important information from a longer page, including headings, links, icons, and accessibility considerations.
Documents an official government banner that appears on every VA.gov page, above the header, to identify official government websites and secure connections.
Documents breadcrumbs for deeper hierarchies, consistent placement, mobile parent-link collapse, full page-title labels, hierarchy rather than click path, and behavior in linear form flows.
Documents button usage, discourages disabled fields except in rare cases, and allows disabled action buttons for post-action in-between processing states.
Documents a dedicated Sort component for reordering search results and lists, including when to use sort, when to use filters instead, implicit submission, page reset, persistence, placement, responsive sizing, and clear sort-option labels.
Documents status tags for current state, progress, urgency, required action, scannable feedback in lists and dashboards, semantic colors, concise text, non-interactive behavior, screen-reader status prefix, and live-region handling for dynamic changes.
Documents autosave messaging for authenticated form flows, including confirmation that progress is saved, last-saved date and time, placement in form steps, avoiding unauthenticated contexts, and using aria-describedby so screen reader users hear autosave messaging from Continue.
Documents clear and direct error and alert messages with calls to action that tell people what to do next to resolve the issue.
Documents collections of links to related content, including related links for closely related programs and services, section links, major links, quick links, placement guidance, proximity principles, CTA alternatives, and privacy restrictions.
Documents filter anatomy, including categories, applied indicators, chips, clear-all controls, apply buttons, filter panels, instant filtering, batch filtering, and mobile guidance.
Documents slider anatomy, required labels and rails, optional tooltips and min/max values, settings use, binary-option avoidance, checkbox and radio alternatives, units, discrete and continuous behavior, and dual-point slider boundaries.
Documents choice chips versus filter chips, multi-select filter chip interaction, placement below search and above content, horizontally scrollable rows, short chip text, stable chip order, and avoiding overly long chip sets.
Documents Security Copilot audit logs for admin events, activity metadata, prompt-response pairs, SIEM investigation, Purview DSPM access, permissions, retention, and compliance workflows.
Explains adding recent searches to autocomplete, limiting displayed entries, separating histories with a storage key, storing submitted searches after Enter, linking or selecting recent queries, and using custom storage.
Documents card component configuration for recognized brands, cardholder name, CVC display, billing postal code, expiry rules, screen reader error behavior, brand detection, BIN lookup, field-valid events, and invalid card, expiry, or incomplete field errors.
Framework for managing AI risk and trustworthiness, including measurement, monitoring, reliability, validity, transparency, accountability, and risk treatment.
Documents recommendation models, collaborative filtering, content-based filtering, related items, frequently bought together, trending items, event requirements, fallback limits, and daily retraining.
Documents list-detail as a canonical adaptive layout with list and detail panes side by side on expanded widths, stacked list or detail on compact widths, state preservation across size changes, and back navigation to the list.
Documents a recents list for recently accessed tasks where users can resume or remove entries, including least-recently-used removal when limits are reached.
Documents choosing bottom navigation for compact-width apps with few items, navigation rail for medium widths, and drawers for larger or many-item navigation.
Documents single-choice segmented button rows, multi-choice segmented button rows, selected state tracking, and guidance to use chips for more complex or larger choice sets.
Documents Android settings screens, preference hierarchy, current preference values, dependency behavior, saving and reading settings, and PreferenceFragmentCompat patterns.
Documents Wear OS complications as watch-face features beyond time, complication data sources, supported data types, slot behavior, and user-configured watch face display.
Documents Android haptic feedback APIs, predefined constants, view.performHapticFeedback, vibrator APIs, user-setting behavior, hardware support, and event-specific haptic implementation.
Documents SwipeRefreshLayout for adding a swipe-to-refresh widget around scrollable content and explicitly recommends an action-bar refresh item so users who cannot perform the gesture can still trigger the same update.
Documents top and bottom app bars as containers for a title, core actions, and navigation controls, including small, center-aligned, medium, and large top app bar variants.
Documents Material 3 modal bottom sheet implementation with a content slot and dismiss handling through sheet state.
Documents Wear OS complication design as highly glanceable watch-face information users want to see often throughout the day, including glanceability, relevance, and watch-face slot constraints.
Documents Android GestureDetector support for common gestures including onDown, onLongPress, onFling, double tap, scroll, and touch-event handling through the target view.
Documents Android haptics design principles, using haptics to enrich direct manipulation and events, avoiding overuse, respecting user settings, and matching effect strength to interaction meaning.
Documents primary and secondary mobile navigation patterns including bottom navigation, drawers, app bars, and responsive navigation.
Documents navigation drawers as slide-in menus for app sections, including modal and standard drawer types, menu-icon or swipe activation, drawer state control, grouped drawer contents, and top-app-bar integration.
Documents pull-to-refresh as dragging downward at the beginning of app content to refresh data, with explicit isRefreshing, onRefresh, indicator, and threshold controls for the component.
Documents Android QR scanning entry points, scanning from live camera or static image, QR-triggered payment flow handoff, and OS-level scanner behavior.
Documents permission-request workflow, evaluating whether access is needed, associating requests with user actions, explaining private-data access, and handling grant or deny outcomes.
Documents SwipeToDismissBox for item-level swipe gestures that dismiss or update an item, including state, background content revealed behind the row, positional thresholds, and direction-specific behavior.
Documents Wear OS Tiles as small amounts of key information people can read in a few seconds, with quick actions, freshness, tappable destinations, and best practices for glanceable tile experiences.
Documents Android touch-gesture support, including not depending on gestures for basic behavior, following accepted Android gesture conventions, detecting common gestures such as scrolling, flinging, double-tapping, multi-touch, dragging, scaling, and dispatching touch events to their target views.
Documents Wear OS surfaces including apps, tiles, notifications, app launchers, and ongoing activities, with notifications as glanceable time-sensitive information and actions.
Documents wiring BottomNavigationView to NavController so selected menu items navigate to matching destinations, update selected state, and preserve item state.
Discusses model deprecation and replacement impacts, the need for responsible deprecation processes, and the user and researcher costs of retiring models that people depend on.
Documents Quick Look as a way to show previews for common file types in apps, including basic preview interactions without moving users into a full editing flow.
Documents Voice Control support for spoken commands that perform gestures, interact with screen elements, dictate text, and edit text.
Documents app age-rating bands, region variation, mature-content categories, unrestricted web access, gambling, and other age-restricted content signals.
Documents watchOS Smart Stack widget design, standard layouts, color and iconography, signal-based relevance, and making watch widgets glanceable, distinctive, and smart.
Documents that apps supporting account creation must let users initiate account deletion in app, make deletion easy to find, delete the account record and associated personal data not legally required to retain, link directly to web completion when needed, and keep users informed when deletion takes time or billing is involved.
Documents platform gestures as direct physical interactions and advises using standard gestures consistently, avoiding interference with system gestures, and providing alternatives where needed.
Documents list and table presentations for organized data, including grouped or hierarchical organization, selecting, adding, deleting, and moving items, row content, disclosure, swipe actions, editing mode, and platform-specific list behavior.
Documents collections as ordered sets of content presented in customizable visual layouts, supporting layout choice and item-focused presentation on Apple platforms.
Defines context menus as access to functionality directly related to an item without cluttering the interface.
Documents determinate and indeterminate progress indicators, and recommends activity indicators for background operations or constrained spaces where an indeterminate wait needs concise status.
Documents settings as user-adjustable app or system configuration, including guidance on placing frequently changed options inside the app and reserving system Settings for less frequent configuration.
Documents split views as adjacent panes of content that support primary, supplementary, and detail relationships across Apple platforms.
Documents iOS tab bars for top-level app sections, navigation rather than actions, persistent availability, labels, and preserving navigation state within each section.
Describes action sheets as choices related to an intentional action, with guidance to use them instead of alerts for multiple action-related choices.
Describes share sheets as activity views revealed from an Action button while viewing a page, document, or selected item.
Explains alert use, interruption cost, destructive-action confirmation, and platform distinctions.
Documents watch face complications, multiple complication support, concise relevant information, configuration across watch faces, visual consistency, and tapping into the app when deeper interaction is needed.
Documents watchOS design around quick, focused interactions, relevant dynamic data on the watch face through complications, glanceable content, wrist-raise context, and platform-specific watch interaction constraints.
Documents disclosure controls as reveal and hide mechanisms for information or functionality related to specific controls or views.
Documents feedback that helps people understand what is happening, what actions are available, action results, and mistake prevention across visual, audible, and haptic channels.
Documents platform keyboard guidance and standard keyboard shortcuts, supporting platform-respecting accelerator choices and user expectations.
Defines modality as a dedicated mode that prevents interaction with the parent view until the user exits or completes the presented task.
Documents onboarding guidance for helping people start using an app or game quickly, including skippable first-run flows, setup requests, and avoiding unnecessary barriers before first value.
Frames panels as supplementary controls, options, or information related to the active window or current selection.
Documents using haptics to engage touch, complement visual and audio feedback, avoid overuse, match physical metaphors, and respect platform conventions and user context.
Describes sheets as modal targeted experiences that prevent interaction with the parent view until dismissed, with guidance for dismissal when unsaved changes are present.
Describes top or bottom toolbars as view-level containers for current title, navigation controls, search, actions, and overflow while distinguishing them from tab bars for switching app areas.
Frames undo and redo as system-supported ways to reverse actions, supporting safe exploration and recovery.
Documents clustering feature layers so cluster renderers, labels, and popups summarize the represented features.
Documents popups for viewing feature attributes from layers and relaying map information to users.
Documents Jira board columns as work item status containers, default Kanban columns, column add/delete/rename/move behavior, status-to-column mapping, constraints, and right-most done semantics.
Documents audit records for Copilot and AI application user interactions, admin activities, accessed resources, user, time, location, retention, AIAppInteraction records, and response-generation context.
Documents an autocomplete experience with input value, query state, open panel state, sources, collections, keyboard navigation, detached mode, loading or stalled state, and result rendering as the user types.
Documents a recent searches plugin that displays the latest searches a user made and supports local-storage or custom storage implementations.
Documents retry load risks, capped exponential backoff, jitter, retry limits, and the need to avoid retry amplification during overload.
Documents retry as a transient-failure pattern with immediate, delayed, and cancelled retry strategies based on the failure type and operation.
Documents receiving generated content as it is produced, content-filter timing, and customer-visible implications of streaming configuration.
Documents hosted fields for card number, CVV, expiration date, and postal code, with externally hosted payment fields used to reduce PCI scope while keeping a merchant-styled checkout form.
Documents comfortable and compact modes built from the spacing system, with compact mode reducing vertical component padding and margins for denser information display.
Explains consent requirements for cookies and tracking devices, states that scrolling or swiping is not valid consent, requires proof of consent, prevents data storage before consent, preserves access after refusal, and calls for easy consent withdrawal.
Documents typo tolerance modes, minimum word lengths, handling first-letter typos, numeric tokens, attribute exceptions, and exact-match words such as acronyms or product codes.
Documents CopilotInteraction audit fields including RecordID, CreationDate, Operation, UserID, AppHost, Contexts, ThreadID, MessageIDs, Messages, accessed resources, and model transparency details.
Documents the Search response spelling object and correctedQuery field used to expose a corrected query separately from the submitted query.
Documents complementary and related products, eligibility requirements, generated and manual recommendations, hiding generated recommendations, and purchase-history or description based strategies.
Documents Copilot referencing web content to ground responses and the policy controls that affect whether web references are available.
Summarizes supervisory-authority positions on cookie banner practices including missing reject options, pre-ticked boxes, deceptive link design, misleading button contrast, essential-cookie classification, and accessible consent withdrawal.
Summarizes valid consent as freely given, specific, informed, and unambiguous, requiring granular choice, clear affirmative action, no silence or pre-ticked boxes, and withdrawal that is as easy as giving consent.
Defines page not found pages for broken links and requires a clear page title, a way to find information, homepage or search links, domain homepage link, and additional helpful customer information.
Documents the federal government banner as a top-of-every-page official identity standard with U.S. flag, official-site text, and .gov or .mil plus HTTPS explanation.
Documents COPPA requirements for operators of child-directed online services and operators with actual knowledge of collecting personal information from children under 13.
Documents COPPA scope for children under 13, actual knowledge, directed-to-children services, neutral age screening, and limits on relying on age information.
Documents clear and conspicuous online disclosures, proximity to relevant claims, prominence, unavoidable disclosures, and material terms in online transactions.
Documents WAI-ARIA techniques, keyboard focus for interactive calendar elements, descriptive aria-label and title hints, and eventInteractive behavior.
Documents the plus-more overflow behavior for days where all events cannot fit, including month, day-grid, and all-day time-grid contexts.
Documents a month calendar view as dayGridMonth, including fixed week count and whether previous or next month dates render in the grid.
Documents day and week time-grid calendar views with horizontal days, a vertical time axis, view switching, all-day slots, event overlap, slot duration, now indicator, and scroll time.
Documents a Copilot Chat surface with a message compose box, add-content controls, tools, references, dictation, and prompt submission.
Documents Copilot prompts as instructions or questions with goal, context, expectations, and source elements, supporting prompt-box guidance for structured user intent.
Documents agentic audit log fields such as action, actor_is_agent, agent_session_id, user, enterprise audit filters, and agent-session linkage for AI-generated activity.
Distinguishes GitHub project table, board, and roadmap layouts; board layout spreads issues, pull requests, and draft issues across customizable columns and supports dragging items between columns.
Documents board layout as project items arranged across customizable columns, column field selection, drag-to-update status, column limits, hidden fields, hidden columns, slicing, sorting, and grouping.
Documents unsafe-site warnings for phishing, social engineering, malware, unwanted software, unsafe downloads, typo-squatting warnings, safer default path, and risky override behavior.
Documents Android Voice Access for controlling a device with spoken commands, including opening apps, navigating, editing text, and hands-free use.
Documents map info windows as popup content attached to markers or latitude/longitude positions, with dialog exposure for screen readers.
Documents using marker clusters to manage and display many markers, grouping nearby markers and revealing individuals at closer zoom levels.
Documents checkout address capture using Place Autocomplete, expanded editable address fields, Address Validation API correction scenarios, apartment or unit review, and proceeding logic when an address cannot fully validate.
Documents Android's Google Code Scanner API for QR and barcode scanning without app camera permission, on-device image processing, returned Barcode objects, module availability, auto-zoom, and built-in scanner UI tradeoffs.
Documents Android barcode and QR decoding, bundled and unbundled model choices, custom UI guidance, extracted barcode data, supported formats, performance considerations, and camera-image processing.
Documents in-app and web account deletion paths, associated data deletion expectations, public Data safety disclosure, user access after uninstall, sensitive data scope, retained-data exceptions, and the need to tell users what to expect.
Documents target-audience declaration, child audience considerations, family-policy compliance, and avoiding marketing that unintentionally attracts children when children are not targeted.
Documents Safe Browsing warnings before users visit dangerous sites or download harmful files, and identifies phishing, malware, unwanted software, and social engineering threats.
Documents retry traffic as a possible positive-feedback source during failures and recommends randomized exponential backoff for scheduled retries.
Documents chart keyboard navigation, screen reader support, and chart controls available through the accessibility module.
Documents breadcrumbs for drilldown and hierarchy navigation, including full-path display and returning to previous drill levels.
Documents drilldown as linked point-to-series interaction, replacement of the visible series, animation for column, bar, and pie charts, and multiple drill levels.
Documents announcing changed chart data and drilldown events to screen-reader users when dynamic chart data updates.
Documents conversation lists, revisiting prior chats, chat history settings, retention, and controls for managing saved Copilot chat activity.
Explains cookie and similar-technology rules, clear information requirements, active and informed consent, no non-essential cookies before consent, strictly necessary exemptions, easy enable or disable controls, records of consent, and review of cookie use.
Supports consent request design, keeping records, consent management, withdrawal, refresh, and proof that the user was presented with a clear consent request.
Documents age-appropriate design expectations for online services likely to be accessed by children, including privacy protection and age-appropriate application.
Defines consent as freely given, specific, informed, unambiguous, and based on clear affirmative action, with genuine choice, granular purposes, clear language, no pre-ticked boxes, and easy refusal or withdrawal.
Shows recent searches inside autocomplete, notes that a submitted query is needed before history appears, and demonstrates selecting a recent query to update search UI state.
Documents creating a mobile-friendly interactive map with tiles, markers, circles, polygons, popups, and event handling.
Documents clustering point data in map layers, cluster counts, zoom expansion, and popups for individual unclustered points.
Documents a geolocation control that uses the browser geolocation API to locate the user on the map.
Documents markers as interactive DOM elements positioned above the map at geographic coordinates and discusses when markers fit location data.
Documents common gesture meanings, including long press for accessing additional functionality, swipe for navigation and completing actions, and list-item gestures that reveal actions or selection.
Documents lists as continuous vertical indexes of text and images, including one-line, two-line, and three-line list items, leading and trailing elements, supporting text, metadata, primary and supplemental actions, selection, and list-item anatomy.
Documents layout density as coordinated component spacing with default, comfortable, and compact settings, including guidance for scanning information and preserving usability.
Documents list-detail as a canonical adaptive layout for explorable lists shown alongside each item's details, distinct from feed and supporting-pane layouts.
Documents cards for displaying content and actions about a single topic, with scan-friendly summaries and actionable information.
Documents chips as compact elements for input, choices, filtering, and actions, including filter chips for collections, multiple selected chips, selected-state icons, placement under search fields, wrapping, and horizontal scrolling.
Documents circular and linear progress indicators, determinate and indeterminate modes, using indeterminate indicators when progress is not detectable, switching to determinate when more information becomes available, and using one consistent indicator type for the same activity.
Documents responsive grid columns, gutters, margins, breakpoints, and layout behavior used to arrange card-based surfaces consistently across screen sizes.
Documents app settings as preferences for app behavior, the Settings navigation label, placement options, labels, secondary text, switches, checkboxes, and current status.
Documents steppers as progress through logical numbered steps, including editable, non-editable, optional, mobile, horizontal, vertical, linear, and non-linear variants, plus guidance to avoid using steppers for short forms or nesting multiple steppers.
Documents onboarding as connected to first-run experience and emphasizes that the UI after onboarding should make it easy for users to act on what they learned.
Documents Accept-Language as a browser preference hint, locale quality ordering, privacy limits, and the rule that servers should never override an explicit user language choice.
Documents deferring server synchronization work to a service worker, registering named sync tasks, and running deferred work when the device has stable network connectivity again.
Documents service-worker controlled pages, Cache API use, cache-first strategies, offline fallback pages, background synchronization, and intermittent-connectivity support for progressive web apps.
Documents secure-context barcode detection in images and video sources, limited browser availability, supported formats including qr_code, detector construction, supported-format checks, and decode error handling.
Documents the BarcodeDetector interface, limited availability, supported format discovery, constructor format hints, and detecting linear or two-dimensional barcode values from images.
Documents secure-context geolocation access, user permission prompts, current-position and watch-position methods, position and error callbacks, permission lifetime, and privacy-sensitive location data.
Documents requesting the device's current position, success and error callbacks, secure context and permissions policy constraints, and options such as maximumAge, timeout, and enableHighAccuracy.
Documents browser permission status querying, prompt state, API-triggered permission prompts, manual revocation through browser settings, and permission-aware APIs such as geolocation, camera, microphone, notifications, clipboard, sensors, and storage access.
Documents limited web vibration support, device vibration hardware access, Navigator.vibrate, single pulses, vibration and pause patterns, cancellation with zero or empty patterns, and no-op behavior on unsupported devices.
Documents configuring generative answers nodes to search and summarize selected knowledge sources for a topic.
Documents knowledge sources for generative answers, including enterprise data, websites, uploaded files, external systems, and user-authenticated source access.
Documents warning pages for suspicious, phishing, malicious, unknown-reputation, downloaded-file, application, certificate, and site-reputation risks.
Documents native password reveal behavior, default masked state, revealed state, focus and script-change safeguards, autofill behavior, and built-in security measures for password reveal controls.
Documents Edge warning pages for unsafe sites, including URL reputation, deceptive forms, malicious scripts, downloaded-file behavior, TLS security, user feedback, redirects, false-positive reporting, and site-owner remediation.
Documents global and custom banned password lists, checking passwords when users change or reset them, weak-password variant detection, organization-specific banned terms, and using MFA rather than relying only on strong-password enforcement.
Lists model lifecycle stage, retirement date, and suggested replacement so teams can plan migration before model retirement.
Documents model lifecycle stages, automatic upgrades, manual migration for provisioned deployments, active notification channels, lifecycle and deprecation API fields, retirement behavior, replacement model planning, and evaluation guidance for replacement models.
Documents app settings as user-customizable portions of an app, including dedicated settings pages, entry points, in-context access, grouping, and recommendations for displaying configurable app options.
Documents hierarchy-driven drill-down support for Power BI visuals, current hierarchy level display, selections, context menu, and traversing matrix hierarchy nodes.
Documents calendar control views for scheduled activities in day, week, and month layouts, with start date, end date, description, duration fields, create/delete behavior, and a different mobile experience.
Documents drillthrough from a selected visual value to a detailed report page filtered to that specific context, with return navigation.
Documents password box masking, reveal button behavior, spacing to avoid accidental reveal, peek mode, focus-dependent reveal availability, custom reveal toggles, placeholder context, and password-specific input scope.
Documents dashboard tiles as pinned snapshots from reports and other sources, including tile behavior, data origin, display, and dashboard composition.
Documents visualization categories and chart selection by data type and goal, including trends, relationships, maps, cards, tables, KPIs, gauges, and filtering visuals.
Documents progressive disclosure controls for showing or hiding additional data, options, or commands while keeping users focused on essentials.
Documents WIP limits as soft column constraints, highlighted exceeded columns, bottleneck detection, item-count snapshots, stale items, throughput, and team-level WIP adjustment practices.
Documents dashboard design guidance for visual hierarchy, uncluttered layouts, important information prominence, card visuals, context, placement, and avoiding unnecessary decoration.
Documents Kanban principles: visualizing work as cards in workflow states, pull model, WIP limits, customizable columns, backlog items as cards, and bottleneck visibility.
Documents list/details layouts with a list pane, detail pane, selected-item update, stacked style for narrow widths, side-by-side style for wider widths, and adaptive layout breakpoints.
Explains recent-file lists as automatic quick-access lists, distinguishes them from Favorites, and documents removal, clearing, count adjustment, and cross-device sync caveats.
Recommends progressive disclosure to focus users on primary tasks by minimizing secondary or irrelevant information and revealing content or functionality as needed.
Documents input masks as strings of placeholder and literal characters that constrain accepted values, with examples for phone numbers, stored-versus-displayed literals, and warnings against masks when users need exceptions or date picker behavior.
Documents preview being disabled for files marked as downloaded from the internet, supporting safety states where a preview pane must show a warning or blocked state instead of rendering risky content.
Documents Windows voice access for controlling a PC and authoring text using voice, including app switching, web browsing, and email tasks.
Documents pinning files, folders, or links to the top of a SharePoint document library, a maximum pinned count, and reordering pinned items with move controls.
Documents platform-level keyboard shortcuts including undo and redo behavior for text editing and general Windows use.
Documents pinning frequently used Office files from the Recent page into a Pinned section at the top of the list and unpinning them from the same control.
Lists command categories for managing microphone state, interacting with controls and overlays, dictating text, selecting text, editing text, and navigating text.
Documents valuable and non-noisy notifications, suppressed notifications delivered directly to Notification Center, contextual activation, and predictable cleanup of old notifications after related content is viewed.
Explains when confirmations are justified, warns against unnecessary confirmations, recommends undo and prevention alternatives, and emphasizes specific consequence information.
Documents organization audit-log API access under administration, supporting audit-log list retrieval for administrative review and governance workflows.
Documents API and model deprecations, recommended replacements, advance notice periods, email and documentation notification channels, shutdown dates, and migration planning before deprecated models become unavailable.
Gives practical guidance for preparing citable material and instructing models to generate reliable citations that readers can verify.
Documents multi-turn conversation state, durable conversation identifiers, messages, tool calls, tool outputs, and response chaining across turns.
Documents file-search annotations and optional included search results that can be used to connect generated answer text to source files.
Documents prompt engineering as writing effective instructions for models, with guidance on goals, context, examples, structured outputs, constraints, and iterative refinement for non-deterministic model behavior.
Documents vector-store retrieval and semantic search over user data for grounding model responses in retrieved knowledge.
Documents streaming model output with server-sent events so clients can display the beginning of a response while generation continues.
States that responses using web search include inline citations and url_citation annotations, and that citations shown to users should be visible and clickable.
Documents Confirmation of Payee as an account name checking service for UK domestic payments and states that most checks use sort code, account number, and payee name.
Documents sort codes as routing information for UK cheque and electronic payment systems, including Bacs, Faster Payments, Image Clearing, IBAN use, PSP allocation, and payment-system registration.
Documents bank account verification flows using account and routing details, instant micro-deposits, verification codes, success and failure states, and manual verification status.
Documents responsible AI principles for agents, including transparency, making capabilities and limitations clear, safety filters, accountability, privacy, security, and informed user decisions.
Documents chips as interactive selection elements in a form cell, single and multiple selection variations, concise labels, checkmark selected state, required indicators, validation messages, wrapping or horizontal scrolling, and switching to a list picker for more than eight or long options.
Documents step progress indicator usage for horizontal and vertical mobile views, short step names, dynamic dependent sub-steps, visible continuation affordance in scrollable indicators, and avoiding misleading total counts for dynamic steps.
Documents maximum tolerated typos, word length thresholds, split or joined tokens, typo token thresholds, dropped token fallback, and controls for numerical or alphanumerical tokens.
Documents the search_as_you_type field for as-you-type completion, including generated shingle and prefix subfields designed for efficient prefix matching while users enter text.
Documents a TimePicker component that lets merchants select times through an interactive picker interface and stores the value as a leading-zero 24-hour HH:mm:ss string, following the HTML time input value format regardless of UI presentation.
Gives UI guidance for complementary product recommendations, including placement, showing only a few items by default, async empty handling, and explanatory headings such as Pairs well with.
Describes inline query suggestions based on similar terms, spellcheck.q versus q, collation behavior, multiple corrections, and the fact that collations return suggested queries rather than running them automatically.
Documents Payment Element collection and test card behavior, including future expiry, CVC, billing postal code, success, authentication, declined cards, variable-length card numbers, payment processing, and failed-payment recovery.
Documents idempotency keys for safely retrying create and update requests without performing the same operation twice.
Describes term suggestions based on edit distance, phrase suggestions for corrected phrases, and the distinction between completion suggesters for autocomplete and term or phrase suggesters for did-you-mean behavior.
Documents creating field hierarchies and using plus or minus controls in a visualization to drill up or down by adding or subtracting levels of detail.
Documents dashboard size choices, tiled versus floating layout, layout containers, grouping related dashboard items, positioning, spacing, and responsive sizing behavior.
Documents chart customization, visual design workflow, labels, color, titles, tooltips, and keeping views understandable for the audience.
Documents transparency notes for understanding model capabilities, limitations, system context, owner choices, performance behavior, people affected, and deployment environment.
Explains typo tolerance for typing mistakes and spelling errors, edit-distance examples, ranking impact, and configuration needs for search experiences.
Documents spelling suggestions and spelling modifications, including returning suggested correction information and optionally returning results for a corrected query when the original typo query has no results.
Explains Accept-Language negotiation, its limits, the need for visible manual language controls on pages, explicit user override, and sticky language selection across site navigation.
Documents queueing failed requests, replaying them when future sync events fire, browser-managed retry intervals, fallback replay behavior, and retention limits for queued background work.
Documents AI-agent-to-live-agent handoffs, transcript summaries attached to handoff transcripts, customer context, conversation reason, escalation context, and live agent continuation.
Documents recently viewed product blocks with configurable counts, scope, backend synchronization, and item lifetime for commerce catalogs.
Documents checkout terms and conditions, checkbox text, full terms content, optional content-height display, and enforcing required agreement before placing an order.
Documents view and interface filters built from conditions, including fields, operators, values, record hiding rather than deletion, and permission differences for owners, creators, editors, commenters, and read-only users.
Documents header detection, field mappings from CSV columns to table fields, optional columns, remembered and reset mappings, preview sample records, merge behavior, row limits, snapshots, and unsupported field types.
Documents privacy settings that let users see which apps have requested access to device data types and grant or revoke future access for location, contacts, calendars, photos, Bluetooth, local network, microphone, camera, health, files, and other categories.
Documents assignee responsibility for task completion, teammate assignment, collaboration around a task, and the difference between the responsible assignee and supporting collaborators.
Documents a notification drawer across Atlassian Cloud apps, including bell unseen count, read-state distinction, direct versus watching notifications, filtering, and notification highlighting logic.
Documents concurrent editing notices, automatic merging for non-overlapping edits, conflict display for overlapping edits, and user choices to continue editing, overwrite, or cancel while preserving another person's saved edits.
Documents drafts and unpublished changes as separate from published pages, autosaved recovery, draft and unpublished-change labels, Recently worked on discovery, resume editing, publish, revert to last published version, delete unpublished page, and shared-draft deletion risks.
Documents profile visibility controls, profile photo defaults, public name versus full name behavior, where profile information appears across products, and how profile visibility affects third-party app access.
Documents comments attached to objects rather than work items, permission requirements, finding comments in an Activity area, adding text, editing a hovered comment, deleting a comment, and warning that deletion cannot be undone.
Documents adding and removing users, groups, guests, and anonymous access in Confluence space permissions, checkbox permission matrices, additive permission behavior, View, Add, Delete, Restrictions, Export, Space Admin permissions, and revocation requirements.
Documents Jira's Automatic assignee option for work items, component default assignees, space default assignees, and admin-controlled assignment fallback behavior.
Documents person and team mentions using @ autocomplete or toolbar insertion, notifications in the drawer and by email for subscribed users, action-item assignment through mentions, task completion, team mention limits, and team suggestions by profile text.
Documents audit logs as activity tables organized by activity type, date, time, actor, app, location, and IP address, with subscription and access constraints.
Documents Confluence page history, current version indicators, previous versions, compare behavior, restore behavior, and access limitations.
Documents saved work item queries, My Queries, Shared Queries, favorites, query folders, permissions, and personal versus shared visibility for rerunnable work-item searches.
Documents Braze-hosted preference centers that display user subscription state and subscription group statuses and can be styled to match brand guidelines.
Documents availability tuning with limits and buffers, free/busy rules, start time increments, minimum notice, date ranges, secret event types, save changes, and checking the booking page.
Documents booking-related invitee flows including booking meetings in real time, custom questions and consent, cancel and reschedule links, meeting management, redirect after booking, conference room scheduling, pre-filled invitee information, and shared scheduling links.
Documents booking page time zone behavior, availability settings, event type schedule settings, local time zone detection, choosing a different time zone, and locking an event type to a specific time zone.
Documents configurable suggested prompts for Copilot Studio agents, where prompts appear on an agent welcome page before a new chat and require publishing/update handling.
Documents advanced search scopes and filters such as Spaces, Type, Pages under, Search titles only, highlighted terms, breadcrumbs, and advanced search when quick search is not enough.
Documents adding and removing page or space watchers when someone needs notifications for a specific page or broader space changes, while allowing users to watch again later.
Documents Confluence email update settings for watched or viewed pages, blogs, and spaces, and notes that administrators can disable email and push notification choices.
Documents Confluence Watch behavior for staying up to date on content, including watching pages, live docs, blog posts, spaces, whiteboards, and slides to receive update notifications.
Documents scheduled entry validation checks before scheduled jobs enter the queue and failure behavior when scheduled content cannot be published.
Documents scheduled publish and unpublish for entries and releases, selecting date and time, releasing campaigns, retiring content, and creating scheduled actions.
Documents curated Microsoft Learn collections with title, description, saved items, item addition, reordering, deletion, sections, sharing, copying, deletion, ownership, and item-count recommendations.
Shows production TreeList keyboard behavior including Enter action execution, Tab navigation within TreeList elements, control-modified movement between header/filter/data/pager regions, and control-modified left or right expansion and collapse of the focused row.
Explains clickwrap agreements as acceptance by clicking a button or checkbox and distinguishes clickwrap from heavier signature workflows.
Documents opening the Share control for a file or folder, copying a link, choosing edit or view-only link access, pasting links into other channels, and managing link behavior after sharing.
Documents Dropbox shared-link access choices, anyone-with-link access, invited-people-only access, team-member access, and edit or view permissions for shared files and folders.
Documents recovering deleted files and folders from Dropbox's deleted-files surface, including plan-dependent recovery limits.
Documents retrieving highlighted snippets from one or more fields so users can see where a query matches, including fragments, field configuration, highlighter types, and cautions for complex boolean queries.
Documents cursor chat as live temporary messages attached to a user's cursor, available to viewers and editors in a file, supporting quick communication in the shared design canvas.
Documents viewing file version history, autosaved versions, named versions, restore behavior, comments on versions, and edit permission requirements.
Documents viewing, deleting, and managing Google Search history, including deleting all activity and signed-out search customization.
Documents pull requests awaiting review, review statuses, comments, approvals, requested changes, code owner review, re-request review, timeline, and merge box behavior.
Documents customizable public profile elements, control over what profile information users include, public visibility risks, private profile behavior, profile README, personal info, activity, pinned items, status, and profile visibility options.
Documents environment deployment protection rules, required reviewers, manual approval before a job proceeds, prevention of self-review, wait timers, branch restrictions, bypass controls, and custom protection rules.
Documents workflows as configurable automated processes made of events, jobs, and steps, including trigger syntax, permissions, defaults, concurrency, job dependencies, and conditional execution fields.
Documents job-level if conditions that prevent jobs from running unless a condition is met, using supported workflow contexts and expressions.
Documents pending organization invitations, filtering by role or source, editing role or team before acceptance, updating invitations, and canceling invitations.
Documents search terms, exact strings, Boolean operators, parentheses, qualifiers such as repo, language, path, content, and is, regular expressions, and spacing rules for unambiguous advanced code queries.
Documents an on-demand command palette for keyboard-driven navigation, search, command mode, scoped suggestions, arrow-key highlighting, Enter activation, and Escape dismissal.
Documents starring repositories and topics so they can be found again from a personal stars page, while also noting recommendation and public-interest effects.
Documents @mentioning collaborators with repository access in issues to draw attention to comments, alongside related issue links, assignment for responsibility, subscriptions, and issue notification context.
Documents GitHub notifications as updates for activity users are subscribed to, reasons a user receives notifications, inbox triage, customization, and notification retention.
Documents an organization news feed that shows other people's repository activity, including issues and pull requests opened, closed, or merged, branches created or deleted, tags or releases created, comments, and pushed commits.
Documents issue and pull request assignees, who can assign, assignee eligibility, individual and bulk assignment, sidebar assignee picker behavior, and up to ten assignees per issue or pull request.
Documents block effects across repositories, settings and profile entry points, optional private note, contributor warning, and report-abuse escalation for harassment.
Documents general pull request comments, line and file comments, replies to existing comments, formatting with mentions and reactions, single comments versus batched review comments, notifications, resolving conversations, and navigation by unresolved, resolved, and outdated conversation status.
Documents choosing which GitHub activity types produce notifications and how those updates are delivered.
Documents team mention notification settings, maintainers and organization owners enabling or disabling team notifications, notifications when a team is mentioned in an issue, pull request, or comment, and the limit that this setting only applies to team @mentions.
Documents a destructive repository deletion flow that requires users to read warnings, acknowledge effects, type the repository name to verify the target, and then delete the repository.
Documents hiding and unhiding comments, choosing hide reasons, editing comments, visible edit history with actor and timestamp, redacting sensitive information, delete permissions, delete as last-resort moderation, and timeline events for deletions.
Documents organization notification settings, default notification email, custom routing, and notification management pages.
Documents repository maintainer workflows for viewing abuse reports, navigating to reported comments, triaging disruptive content, resolving reports, and marking reports unresolved.
Documents reviewing subscriptions, watched repositories, and unsubscribe workflows from the notifications inbox, subscriptions page, or watched repositories page.
Documents creating discussions, comments in response to the original discussion, threaded comment replies to individual comments, emoji reactions, upvoting discussions and top-level comments, marking comments or threaded comments as answers, and unmarking answers.
Documents profile pin customization, including choosing repositories or gists for a Pinned section so other people can quickly see selected work.
Documents reporting users, organizations, repositories, issues, pull requests, discussions, comments, Marketplace apps, and contact-link abuse, including report destinations for GitHub Support and repository maintainers.
Documents reviewing pull request diffs file by file, line comments, suggested changes, pending review comments, mark viewed, submit review, approve, comment, request changes, stale review behavior, and required review caveats.
Documents organization audit logs for reviewing member actions, including who performed an action, what action occurred, when it happened, search, export, and API access.
Documents API access, date-range querying, retention windows, UTC epoch timestamps, and activity records for enterprise audit logs.
Documents inviting people to organizations, email delivery, role selection, optional team assignment, email verification constraints, pending acceptance, and edit or cancel before acceptance.
Documents saved views for monitoring issues and pull requests across repositories, including titles, descriptions, custom icons, advanced-filter queries, edit, duplicate, delete, and saved-view limits.
Documents repository role levels, granular permissions for read, triage, write, maintain, and admin access, base permissions, organization settings, and action-specific access limits.
Documents that when users search from within a repository, GitHub automatically adds the repo qualifier so results are constrained to that repository.
Documents requesting reviews from people or teams, reviewer notifications, suggested reviewers, team review assignment, and re-requesting review after changes.
Documents API support to list available assignees and view, add, and remove assignees on issues and pull requests, including permission requirements and shared issue and pull request assignee behavior.
Documents creating and managing reactions on comments, issues, pull requests, and discussions, allowed reaction content values, listing reactions, filtering by content, pagination, and permission behavior.
Documents project deletion through a confirmation dialog where the user enters the project name before selecting the delete action, with delayed and immediate deletion behavior.
Documents suggesting code changes in merge request reviews, applying suggestions individually, batching suggestions, rejecting suggestions, applied status, resolved threads, and commit behavior.
Documents conflict blocks, source and target changes, conditions for resolving conflicts in the UI, interactive Use ours and Use theirs choices, inline editing for complex conflicts, commit messages, and manual resolution when UI limits are exceeded.
Documents optional and required approval rules, minimum approval counts, categories of reviewers, code owners, approval status in merge requests and lists, approve additionally, and revoke approval states.
Documents fielded and symbolic mail search operators including from, to, subject, before, after, category, has, filename, exact phrase, grouping, in:anywhere, status, and size constraints.
Documents a user-facing account deletion flow that asks users to review and download data, update dependent services, distinguishes deleting one account from others, separates deleting Gmail from deleting the whole Google Account, and mentions possible account recovery within a limited time.
Documents Google Account sections for Personal info, Security & sign-in, Data & privacy, People & sharing, privacy and security controls, activity saved to the account, ad personalization, and information shown across Google services.
Documents requiring guests without a Google Account to verify their email before booking, entering email on the booking form, receiving a PIN, and submitting that PIN on the booking page.
Documents paid appointment booking with Stripe, amount and currency, cancellation policy on the booking form and reminders, payment checkout, refund responsibility, and appointment data shared with Stripe.
Documents appointment schedules with appointment duration, availability, buffer time, maximum bookings per day, guest permissions, selected calendars, and checking calendars for availability to avoid conflicts.
Documents canceling a booked appointment from the confirmation email, removing the appointment from the calendar, sending cancellation email, and making the time available on the booking page again.
Documents creating events with title, calendar selection, event details, guests, rooms, location, conferencing, description, attachments, and save behavior.
Documents public booking pages, booking page links, website buttons, inline booking page embeds, all booking pages, and single-service booking page sharing.
Documents version history for Docs, Sheets, and Slides, including viewing file changes, naming versions, restoring versions, and checking who made edits.
Documents suggesting edits, accepting or rejecting suggestions, reviewing suggested edits, previewing the document with or without suggested changes, and accepting or rejecting all suggestions.
Documents comments on selected document content, replying to comments, resolving and reopening closed comments, assigning action items from comments with @ or + addresses, reassignment, done state, follow-up counts, comment limits, and emoji reactions.
Documents You need access messaging, viewer/commenter/editor levels, request access with an explanation, owner decision notifications, pending outcomes, organizational policy limits, and account switching.
Lists common file types that Drive can preview and notes that Drive previews may be scaled-down versions of the complete file, supporting explicit preview limitations and fallback handling.
Documents Drive Trash recovery, including locating deleted files, restoring them, and permanent-deletion limits.
Documents sharing files and folders with recipients, Viewer, Commenter, and Editor roles, notification email messages, general access, anyone-with-link access, copy link, restricted access, expiration, and advanced owner controls.
Documents Drive behavior for viewing videos, PDFs, Microsoft Office files, audio files, and photos, including PDF preview mode inside the Drive interface and warnings for suspicious files.
Provides a signed-in Google Account flow for selecting account data and creating export archives through Google Takeout.
Documents organization data export to a Google Cloud Storage archive, download behavior, selected Workspace data export, user Takeout delegation, and support constraints for some organizations.
Documents administrator control over whether users can see each other's file activity, file activity including viewer names and view times for Docs, Sheets, and Slides, edit-access and same-domain limits, follow-up uses, user privacy controls, and the warning that the Activity Dashboard is not an audit or legal record.
Documents Google Slides live pointers, pointer visibility being off by default, controls to show or hide the user's pointer, persistent visibility across slides until disabled, and collaborator pointer visibility for co-creation.
Documents live edits for assistive technology users, a periodically updated summary of collaborator changes in a sidebar, screen-reader support setup, and collaboration context for users tracking real-time updates made by other people in a document.
Documents emoji reactions in Google Docs as a less formal alternative to comments, anchored to document content or existing anchors, with updated emoji set, identity representation options, and shared emoji preferences.
Shows a browse-by-category landing page with user-facing service categories, short category descriptions, and links to child browse pages for finding services, forms, and accounts.
Documents Pwned Passwords as a breached-password dataset that can be checked through a k-anonymity API without sending the full password or complete hash.
Explains recommendation inputs such as watch activity, searches, subscriptions, and Not interested feedback, plus watch-history controls for homepage recommendations.
Documents custom record views with filters, private/team/everyone visibility, saved view tabs, editable filters, columns, sort order, and sharing controls.
Documents import mapping, required property checks, preview information, mapped status, per-column errors during mapping, overwrite controls, and error management during and after import.
Documents advanced search using JQL clauses made from fields, operators, values, functions, keywords, and combined queries such as project equals a value and assignee equals current user.
Documents saved search capabilities such as sharing and emailing results, favorites, scheduled email subscriptions, exports, report views, dashboard gadgets, and management actions.
Documents saved work item searches as filters, including save-as flow, naming, ownership, privacy, sharing, starred filters, sidebar access, system filters, and rerunning a saved search.
Documents Jira personal notification settings, choosing work-item activity notifications, and selecting in-app or email notification channels.
Documents queues as focused central views for work items, filtered by criteria, used to view, triage, and assign requests, with columns such as summary, status, customer name, priority groups, and SLA clocks.
Documents consent pages for lists, including preference, subscribe, confirmation, and unsubscribe pages, and distinguishes account-level default pages from list-specific pages.
Documents a preferences center as a page where contacts update profile and preference choices based on audience groups, reached through an update-preferences flow from email.
Documents ways users can tune recommendations with Not interested, Don't recommend channel, feedback reasons, watch/search history controls, and clearing feedback.
Documents Workspace search history saved in a Google Account, how users can manage it, and the relationship between Gmail and Drive searches and account activity.
Describes Copilot Chat answers that synthesize web sources and provide linked citations so users can further explore and research.
Documents Bookings calendars for team appointments, staff members, appointment types, in-person and virtual visits, text notifications, queue view, and attendee management.
Documents shared booking setup with multiple staff, business hours, time increments, split shifts, blocked closed periods, and customer-visible availability limits.
Documents handing off an agent conversation to a live agent with full conversation history, relevant variables, engagement hub routing, alerts, and contextual continuation.
Documents Smart assist as real-time recommendations for customer service representatives, including relevant recommendations and next-best steps surfaced in the representative interface.
Documents smart assist cards in the productivity pane with recommendations such as knowledge articles, similar cases, and next-best steps during customer interactions.
Documents browsing documentation, training, Q&A, code samples, shows, and collections, plus hierarchical training structures such as learning paths, modules, and units with browse-page metadata.
Documents CSV UTF-8 requirements, unique headers, required field values, one source column per target field, type validation, row-level warnings, and the choice between failing the entire upload or importing valid rows while excluding invalid rows.
Documents unified audit logs for monitoring user and admin operations across Microsoft services, with security investigation and compliance obligations.
Documents terms-of-use policies, requiring acceptance before resource access, reacceptance settings, device-specific consent, PDF terms, and acceptance reporting.
Documents Planner task assignee operations including Add assignees to a task, Remove assignees from a task, assigned user identifiers, List my tasks, and update task behavior.
Documents privacy dashboard data export workflow including Download your data, Create new archive, choosing product and service activity categories, creating an archive, and downloading it.
Documents reviewing pull request changes, commenting on proposed changes, suggesting changes, responding to comments, and completing pull request review work.
Documents audit-log search jobs, role-gated access, retention, scoped administrative units, result analysis, export, and job deletion behavior.
Documents managing SharePoint permissions through Microsoft 365 groups, Teams-connected sites, channel sites, communication-site Owners, Members, and Visitors groups, direct users, security groups, and hub-site permission ownership.
Documents conversation summaries that provide context, relay steps taken to solve the issue, can be generated for chat and voice conversations, and are generated during consultation, transfer, or conversation end depending on configuration.
Documents coauthoring conflict states where local data is safe but cannot resume coauthoring until users resolve errors, save a copy, discard, refresh, review recovered conflicts, and accept or reject conflicting changes.
Documents file and folder sync states including sync in progress, sync errors, paused sync, account attention, online-only files, locally available files, and always-available local copies.
Documents a people picker for selecting people or groups from suggestions with selected persona keys, display names, photos, roles, presence, search thresholds, no-result messaging, validation error state, and accessibility label.
Documents SharePoint search scope defaults for current site, hub sites, and home sites, expanding search to hub or whole organization, placeholder guidance, and guest-user limitations.
Documents SharePoint access request settings, owner notification, approving or declining requests, choosing permission levels, access history, and site-owner authority.
Documents showing recently used cloud files in an Office command flow so users can select a recently used file without manually browsing for it.
Documents adding folders and other Outlook items to a Favorites section, reordering favorites, and removing them from that personal quick-access list.
Documents reviewing tracked changes one by one, moving to previous or next change, accepting, rejecting, accepting or rejecting a single change, and accepting or rejecting all changes.
Documents Reading pane placement options such as right, bottom, fill screen, or popout-only, supporting preview-pane layout and escalation choices for message review.
Documents using emoji reactions in Teams chats and channels as workflow triggers, including choosing the emoji, reaction frequency, trigger eligibility, channel scope, and escalation examples.
Documents the Microsoft Teams Activity feed as a summary of activity across Teams, including unread messages, mentions, replies, likes, team additions, meeting updates, filters, unread toggle, mark all read, notification settings, icons by activity type, and 30-day feed retention.
Documents following threads, automatic follow triggers for replies, mentions, or threads started from the user's message, followed thread list behavior, and channel follow settings.
Documents changing channel notification settings globally or for a specific channel, including turning notifications on or off and choosing Activity feed plus banner or Activity feed only.
Documents Teams notification settings, Notifications and activity settings, Activity feed behavior, quick views, and settings search for notification controls.
Documents seeing who has access, changing direct-access permissions, stopping sharing, deleting sharing links, and editing password or expiration settings for shared files and folders.
Documents SharePoint first-stage and second-stage recycle bins, retention periods, original-location restore, and administrator recovery.
Documents sharing OneDrive files and folders by link or direct access, permission controls, allow editing, expiration dates, passwords, copying links, and link removal.
Documents SharePoint permission levels, Owners, Members, and Visitors groups, Read, Contribute, and Full Control distinctions, permission inheritance, item-level unique permissions, access requests, and owner permission management.
Documents typing @ before a name and selecting from a menu, mention notifications that deep-link to the conversation point, team and channel mentions, chat-wide @everyone, and owner-controlled enablement for broad mention features.
Documents opening previous versions of Office files and saving or restoring earlier versions when files are stored in OneDrive or SharePoint.
Documents SharePoint version history with previous versions, modified metadata, restore actions, and version history availability in lists and libraries.
Documents a privacy dashboard for viewing, clearing, and managing privacy settings for product data including search, browsing, location, voice, media, apps and services activity, ad settings, device privacy settings, unavailable data, and legal restrictions.
Documents SharePoint page draft state, save as draft, discard changes, publish, visibility to editors versus site viewers, checked-in page state, and search visibility after publishing.
Documents Teams presence states including Available, Busy, In a meeting, In a call, Do not disturb, Away, Offline, Out of Office, automatic status calculation from activity, app state, calendar and devices, manual status duration, notification behavior for Do not disturb, last-seen indicators, and privacy settings for external sharing.
Documents Teams activity feed notification cards, retention, custom activity icons, mobile and desktop card variants, and use of feed items to bring users back to relevant work.
Documents a cookie consent preference center as a modal for configuring cookie consent choices, including layout, content, styling, and save behavior.
Documents building a preference center from purpose, topic, custom preference, language, consent status, schema, and update APIs, including backend handling of API credentials.
Documents Scheduling Assistant free/busy times, recurring meetings, save or send behavior, and usefulness for attendees in different time zones.
Documents scheduling meetings and events, reserving calendar time, setting recurrence, using Scheduling Assistant, seeing attendee free/busy times, selecting suggested slots, and manually entering date and start/end times.
Documents approval requests with approver notifications, Start and wait for an approval, everyone-must-approve, first-to-respond, custom response, wait-for-all, wait-for-one, and sequential approval behaviors.
Documents a vacation approval workflow where every assigned approver must approve, any approver can reject the request, and the outcome drives downstream flow conditions.
Documents condition actions that branch a cloud flow so one or more tasks run only when a specified condition is true or false.
Documents adding trigger conditions to a cloud flow trigger so the flow only runs when the specified trigger condition evaluates as intended, including editing an existing flow and adding conditions under trigger settings.
Documents cloud flows as trigger-and-action automations, including trigger events that start flows, actions that happen after the trigger, cloud flow types, and the requirement that a saved cloud flow has at least one trigger and one action.
Documents prompt assistant as a draft-generation workflow where users describe intent, review a suggested draft, keep it, edit it, and test the resulting prompt.
Documents an advanced search builder that lets users pick fields, add terms with AND, OR, or NOT, browse indexes, preview result counts in history, combine prior searches, and inspect search details.
Documents Einstein Next Best Action as context-sensitive suggested offers and actions on Lightning pages using strategies and business rules.
Documents Marketing Cloud preference center requirements, profile and subscription center differences, custom preference center design, subscriber access, unsubscribe handling, and combining personal information with campaign-specific opt-ins.
Documents dependent picklists as a way to guide users, save UI space, improve data integrity, and filter one picklist's values based on a controlling picklist or checkbox value on the same record.
Documents Google Workspace search history for Gmail and Drive search bars, including user control, turning history on or off, saved activity management, search-history suggestions, and deletion periods.
Documents record-based approval requests, approval and rejection rule sets, individual or group approvers, manual approvers, due dates, output states, journal fields, automatic approval, rejection, or cancellation, and waiting-state safeguards.
Documents dependent choice and reference fields where one field limits available values based on another field on the same table, including category-to-subcategory behavior, same-table dependency constraints, and many-to-many caveats.
Documents saving filters from a list, naming them, choosing Me, Everyone, or Group visibility, applying saved filters from the list control menu, and editing or deleting personal filters.
Documents scheduling product and collection publishing to the Online Store channel, selecting date and time, default time increments, and schedule publishing action.
Documents scheduling products to publish to a sales channel at a specific datetime for product drops and timed sales.
Documents full name and optional display name behavior, display names in mentions, support for spaces, non-English characters and capitalization, edit profile flow, and restrictions when profile information is managed by single sign-on.
Documents member profile details that help collaboration, custom profile fields such as time zone, job title, location, start date and social links, identity-provider syncing, searchable field choices, and admin field management.
Documents adding a reaction to a message by channel, timestamp, and emoji name, reaction_added event broadcast, skin tone modifier naming, already_reacted error, and access or not-reactable errors.
Documents @everyone, @channel, and @here audience mentions, paused-notification and thread limits, confirmation warnings for larger channels, admin restrictions, guest limits, and guidance to use broad mentions sparingly.
Documents active and away dots, paused-notification visibility, automatic active or away determination, after-inactivity away behavior, manual active or away controls, and automatic status signals such as huddle, focus mode, and working-hours context.
Documents mentions as a direct way to notify people, typing @ and selecting a member from suggestions, repeated mentions in one message, notification behavior in channels and DMs, private-channel access limits, ambiguous display-name disambiguation, and mention activity views.
Documents Slack notification preferences, Activity inclusion, mobile overrides, channel keywords, sound and appearance options, and message preview controls.
Documents Slack Activity as a feed of recent messages and notifications with dense and detailed layouts, filters for unread messages, DMs, mentions, threads, channels, reactions, invitations, apps, reminders, VIPs, cleared notifications, reply actions, mark-read behavior, clear notifications, and saved custom views.
Documents Slack notification behavior across desktop and mobile, including how Slack keeps users informed at their desk or on the go.
Documents hiding and unhiding people, no notification to the hidden person, hidden names/photos/messages, reveal individual hidden messages, warning when hidden people join huddles, notification effects, and hidden-people management.
Documents conversation-specific notification choices such as all new posts, just mentions, muting a conversation, and mobile settings paths for channels and group DMs.
Documents channel, DM, app, and bot muting, one-person and group DM behavior, muted sidebar handling, mention badges, Slackbot exception, and temporary mute durations.
Documents adding emoji reactions to messages, one-click reaction behavior, mobile tap-and-hold behavior, blue highlighting for a user's own reaction, remove-by-click behavior, and hovering or tapping reactions to see who added them.
Documents thread-specific controls to get notified about new replies or turn off reply notifications from desktop and mobile thread menus.
Documents threads as organized discussions around specific messages, replying in a thread, optionally sending a reply back to the main channel or DM, opening threads in a separate window, per-thread notifications, all-thread views, unread thread ordering, and thread actions such as reactions, open in channel, save, and notification controls.
Documents workspace member invitations, role and plan limits, admin approval settings, email invitation delivery, pending invitation duration, and resend behavior.
Documents invitation management for pending invitations and invite links, including pending tabs, extend, resend, delete, deactivate, admin ownership, and plan availability.
Documents narrowing search with modifiers such as in: for a channel, person, or section, from: for sender, result type switches such as Messages and Files, filters, and search within a specific conversation by keyboard shortcut.
Documents multi-channel and single-channel guest invitation limits, guest access scope, paid-plan restrictions, billing implications, and channel-specific constraints.
Documents appointment-based services with Acuity Scheduling, client booking, custom intake forms, terms and conditions, mailing-list opt-in, and client details collected at booking time.
Documents a hosted checkout page for collecting payment details, supporting payment methods, redirects, tax and shipping options, customer information, payment status, and success or cancel return URLs.
Documents collecting a terms of service agreement in Stripe Checkout and requiring customer acceptance before payment.
Documents the Payment Element as a web UI component for accepting many payment methods, validating input, handling errors, and working with PaymentIntents or SetupIntents.
Documents Trello boards, lists, cards, board menu, task cards, card details, drag-and-drop across lists to show progress, and team collaboration.
Documents Bing search history access from Bing settings, turning search history off or on, and clearing search history through the Microsoft privacy dashboard.
Documents Microsoft 365 Copilot Prompt Gallery as a catalog of suggested, saved, shared, and team prompts that helps users understand and use Copilot capabilities.
Documents viewing, deleting, clearing, and pausing YouTube search history as a distinct history-management workflow.
Describes the Command Palette as a keyboard-accessible interactive window for editor commands, file navigation, symbol search, and command discovery.
Documents default Undo and Redo commands, their keyboard shortcuts, and command identifiers in a desktop editor.
Documents staging versus production publishing workflow, branches, approval controls, permissions for creating branches, approving changes, and publishing to staging or production.
Documents publishing to staging or production domains, choosing target domains, unpublishing, permissions, single collection-item publishing and scheduling, and live-domain implications.
Documents post statuses such as publish, draft, future, pending, private, trash, role and capability-based workflow, and how post status controls whether content is public, scheduled, or awaiting review.
Documents block effects, post and profile entry points, confirmation, blocked profile state, hidden posts with view option, unblock path, and reporting when an account has blocked you.
Documents muting as removal from timeline without unfollowing or blocking, no notification to muted accounts, remaining DM and mention behavior, confirmation with undo, unmute path, and muted-account management.
Documents reporting from posts, profiles, and Direct Messages, selecting who the report is for, adding context and additional posts or messages, confirming report details, post-report recommendations, violent threat guidance, confirmation, follow-up, and reported-content replacement.
Documents anonymous reporting, reason selection, review after report, report history, and separate reporting paths for videos, Shorts, comments, posts, live chat, ads, conversations, privacy, legal issues, TV, and signed-out California users.
Documents comment review tabs for Published and Held comments, comments held by settings or likely-spam detection, filter bar, topic search, and moderation actions such as reply, remove, report, hide, like, and pin.
Documents ticket views as personal or shared lists built from condition statements, with access settings, previewing, columns, cloning, and limitations on available condition fields.
Documents bulk CSV import for users, row and column limits, required headers, UTF-8 CSV requirements, create/update import types, welcome-email side effects, field mapping review, confirmation, irreversible import start, and import history.
Documents messaging conversation handoff and handback, including actions that change the first responder between an AI agent and a live agent.
Documents views as ticket lists grouped by criteria for unsolved, triage, pending, personal, shared, service-level, escalation-tier, and ordered workflow handling.
Documents view conditions, active state, access restrictions, execution columns, grouping, sorting, preview counts, view ticket listing, and ticket-count endpoints.
Defines handoff as a standardized method for transferring information, authority, and responsibility during care transitions.
Documents SBAR as a communication framework for sharing situation, background, assessment, and recommendation or request information with teams.
Documents the right to receive personal data in structured, commonly used, machine-readable form and to transmit it to another controller where technically feasible.
Documents timeline use for records of events in time order, such as actions taken on a case, with brief overviews rather than in-depth information.
Documents the complete multiple tasks pattern for showing the tasks in a transaction, task order, completion status, grouping, section completion questions, return sessions, and editing previous task answers.
Documents when to add links, linking in context, avoiding unsorted further-reading lists, avoiding too many links, descriptive and front-loaded link text, external-link checks, and file-format/link-destination disclosure.
Documents when to provide accounts, when not to create them, reducing account barriers, allowing users to use as much of a service as possible before account creation, clear language, simple journeys, separation from sign in, avoiding repeated information, avoiding distracting links, avoiding CAPTCHAs, and not using National Insurance numbers for verification.
Documents the accordion component for showing and hiding related content sections on a page, with section headings, show or hide controls, and expand-all behavior.
Documents breadcrumbs for multi-level websites, not flat structures or linear journeys, with placement before main content and trails from home to the parent section.
Documents confirmation pages at the end of a transaction, including reference number, what happens next, contact details, likely onward links, feedback, save-record behavior, bookmarked-return handling, and accessible treatment of interactive elements in the green panel.
Documents deciding between details, accordions, and tabs, including using details for one section of less prominent revealable content and accordions for multiple related sections.
Documents when to help users quickly exit sensitive services, how to introduce the control, what the interruption and safety content pages must explain, and that the pattern is not a complete safety solution.
Documents notification banners for service-wide problems, deadlines, and previous-page outcomes, including placement before the page heading, role selection, sparing use, and avoiding validation-error misuse.
Documents numeric entry guidance, inputmode numeric for whole numbers, explicit number error messages, too-low and too-high messages, between-range messages, decimal money wording, and cautions against using input type number without user-research support because accidental increments and unclear invalid-entry feedback can harm completion.
Documents pagination navigation with previous and next links, current page using aria-current, optional page numbers and ellipses, landmark labelling, and filter/sort behavior across the whole result set.
Documents task-oriented service patterns such as entering data, account creation, validation recovery, and confirmation pages.
Documents skip links for keyboard-only users, placement immediately after the opening body tag or cookie banner, visible-on-keyboard-focus behavior, and bypassing top-level navigation to main content.
Documents tabs for related sections of content shown one at a time, and cautions against using tabs for page navigation, sequential reading, or comparing information across hidden panels.
Documents progressive enhancement as a GOV.UK Design System accessibility principle, connecting robust content and components with perceivable, operable, understandable, and robust WCAG goals.
Documents a persistent account and sign-out header for services using GOV.UK One Login, including separation from GOV.UK header and service navigation, signed-in use, mobile menu states, specific service-link labels, and sign-out access.
Documents grouping content by what it is about, hierarchical topics and subtopics, mainstream browse pages for public how-to content, and user-need checks for collections.
Documents taking payments through GOV.UK Pay, including service-supplied payment references, amount, description, return URL, payment links, API-created payments, and redirecting users to a hosted payment page.
Documents document collections that group related documents on one page for a specific audience, theme, topic, task, event, series, or form set, including grouped headings, related-sidebar behavior, and update subscriptions.
Documents search filters for finder templates, including facets, result-side filtering, automatic refresh, and mobile accordion behavior.
Explains that alpha tests riskiest assumptions with prototypes, should not be available for public use, is not production-quality code, and helps decide whether to move to beta.
Explains private and public beta, using beta to build the service for real, invite limited users first, collect feedback and improve, open to all users after assessment, and prepare for transition to live.
Documents collecting service feedback at different stages, linking in-service feedback from the footer and alpha or beta banner, asking open-ended improvement questions, and measuring satisfaction through alpha, beta, and live.
Documents HTML-first services, CSS and JavaScript failure conditions, feature detection, testing on lower-powered devices, preserving core functionality when JavaScript fails, and using other channels only when core functionality cannot be provided without JavaScript.
Documents in-person, telephone, and webchat support for users who cannot complete online services independently, including telling users about support and matching support to user needs.
Documents how to write questions users can answer accurately, including plain language, question reframing, avoiding unnecessary complexity, and using question-page structure for service forms.
Warns teams not to use GOV.UK identity elements or suggest a service is an official UK government website when it is not part of GOV.UK.
Documents form-structure guidance that starts by splitting forms across multiple pages with each page containing one thing, while acknowledging that a question can require more than one form field.
Documents service start points with just enough information to understand the service, action-specific start button text, sign-in or resume routes, costs, time, needed documents, alternative access routes, and guidance for simple start pages versus multipart-guide start points.
Documents step by step navigation for end-to-end journeys with a specific start and end, multiple guidance or transaction links, useful order, standalone and sidebar presentations, expandable numbered steps, tasks, costs, and and/or branches, while excluding transactional services.
Documents step-by-step navigation for end-to-end journeys with a specific start and end point, ordered guidance or transactions, standalone and sidebar presentation, task links, costs, accessibility notes, and exclusions from transactional services.
Documents a topic taxonomy for helping users explore content, parent-child category structure, ideal child-topic limits, distinguishable category names, user-language naming, and tagging accuracy checks.
Documents when service navigation links are appropriate, how GOV.UK header and Service navigation work together, top-level service link selection, utility ordering, and page-specific placement.
Documents timeline use for events ordered by time, with date, time, description, optional actor, and possible actions.
Documents embedding data protection practices throughout product lifecycles, limiting personal information to what is necessary for specific purposes, applying appropriate technical and organisational measures, and protecting people's rights by default.
Documents that data portability lets individuals obtain and reuse personal data across services, move, copy, or transfer it safely, and receive data in structured, commonly used, machine-readable forms.
Documents the right to erasure, non-absolute applicability, one-month response expectations, recipient notification, backup-system handling, and circumstances where erasure may not apply because of legal obligations or other exemptions.
Documents timeline use for showing what has happened in a service such as a case, claim, or application, including who added information and when.
Documents timelines for broad process understanding, including what has happened so far, the current point, and what is coming next, while cautioning against using timelines for dense detail.
Documents using complete multiple tasks pages for long complex services, showing the page at the start and returning sessions, grouping related actions into tasks, showing statuses, and not using it as an answer summary.
Documents confirmation pages at the end of a transactional journey, including a green panel, next-step timing, optional reference number, submitted-detail summary, feedback, related links, reference-number explanation, and research on avoiding too many competing components.
Documents inset text for important information that is not a warning, with placement and accessibility guidance.
Documents start pages for services that collect user information, including service name, what users need to know, Start now call to action, other access routes, eligibility and outcome expectations, before-you-start information, surrounding information architecture, and important information above the button.
Documents making the needed phone-number type clear, explaining why and when the user may be contacted, allowing familiar phone-number formats, helping users enter the correct format, and showing missing or incorrect details above the field.
Documents unexpected service problems, short-duration display, logging and rapid fixing, maintenance notice escalation, saved answers, try-again-later copy, and contact routes.
Documents survey confirmation pages that thank users, confirm a response was submitted, include feedback calls to action, and avoid using this page type for service problems, permission denial, or further guidance.
Documents a timeline component for showing a linear record of past or future events.
Documents idle and absolute session timeout guidance, risk-based timeout durations, renewal behavior, and session expiration considerations for authenticated web applications.
Documents search filters, search tags, clear-all filters, screen-reader understandable remove buttons, and desktop versus mobile result-update behavior.
Documents skip links for bypassing repeated navigation and breadcrumbs, recommends the label Skip to main content, and describes Enter moving browser focus to the target.
Documents requirements to avoid assuming given-name and family-name order, avoid automatic part extraction, allow single-letter and single-part names, allow punctuation and spaces, preserve casing, avoid family-name requirements, and provide transcription fields when needed.
Documents custom offline fallback pages, service-worker cached offline pages, manual reconnect buttons, automatic online-event reload, server polling, and the need to provide users something controlled rather than a browser default failure.
Documents designing for slow, intermittent, and absent connectivity, educating users about what changes offline, visibly different local-save feedback, plain language, meaningful icons, and task continuity while offline.
Documents browser back/forward cache behavior and recommends avoiding unload handlers and adding beforeunload listeners only when necessary, such as while unsaved user changes are present.
Documents tooltip role behavior, aria-describedby ownership, automatic focus or hover display, Escape dismissal, non-focusable tooltip content, and why tooltips cannot contain interactive elements.
Documents axes as human-readable reference marks for position scales, including linear, log, band, and time scales.
Documents the contextmenu event as firing when users attempt to open a context menu, usually through right click or the context menu key, with browser compatibility caveats.
Documents that recurring events require a single time zone so recurrences can be expanded correctly.
Documents payment creation, payment status retrieval, payment events, refunds, authorisation failure codes, provider rejection, missing required parameters, and payment lifecycle data for reconciliation.
Defines username, current-password, one-time-code, and webauthn autofill behavior, including sign-in pages that can offer saved passwords or public key credentials from the same credential field.
Documents the email input state, valid email address grammar, type mismatch constraint validation, multiple-address handling, and applicable attributes such as autocomplete, maxlength, minlength, pattern, readonly, required, and size.
Defines meter value, min, max, low, high, and optimum constraints, the low/medium/high gauge regions, optimum-region behavior, fallback text encouragement, and user-agent gauge representation requirements.
Defines the HTML input Telephone state for type tel and its baseline input behavior, with telephone-specific state rather than numeric spinbox behavior.
Defines the cite element as representing the title of a work that is quoted, referenced, or mentioned.
Defines the international public telecommunication numbering plan and the 15-digit maximum international number length used by dialable E.164 phone-number storage and routing.
Documents building realtime cursors with shared presence values, cursor coordinates, other-user presence, cursor rendering, and pointer leave behavior for collaborative React applications.
Documents using presence values such as a cursor object in collaborative rooms, updating the current user's presence, and displaying other users' presence state.
Explains role alert as an assertive live-region role for important time-sensitive text updates that should not require focus or user interaction.
Documents listbox as a role for static selectable options, recommends native select, radio buttons, or checkboxes when sufficient, and covers option roles, aria-selected, aria-activedescendant, aria-multiselectable, aria-required, aria-readonly, labeling, arrow-key navigation, typeahead, and multi-selection keyboard behavior.
Documents the menu role as a composite widget for lists of actions or functions, with menuitem, menuitemcheckbox, and menuitemradio descendants, focus management, labeling, disabled state, and keyboard behavior; it also distinguishes menu semantics from ordinary page content.
Documents menubar as a persistent, usually horizontal presentation of menu commands, with focusable menuitem, menuitemcheckbox, and menuitemradio children, optional groups and separators, aria-orientation for vertical bars, accessible labeling, roving tabindex, disabled item focusability, submenus, and top-level arrow-key movement.
Documents meter as a read-only graphical display of a numeric value in a defined range, recommends native meter where possible, requires an accessible name, defines value attributes, and warns not to use meters for progress.
Documents the ARIA progressbar role, accessible names, determinate and indeterminate values, and using aria-busy on a related loading region until loading is finished.
Documents separator role for static dividers and focusable moveable widgets, including aria-orientation, aria-valuenow, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax, accessible name, and keyboard interaction expectations for splitters.
Documents toolbar role usage for grouped controls, focus management, horizontal and vertical arrow-key behavior, labelling multiple toolbars, and handling conflicts between toolbar navigation keys and controls inside the toolbar.
Documents tree as a hierarchical widget for selecting one or more items, with treeitem descendants, group containers, aria-expanded on parent nodes only, accessible naming, aria-multiselectable, selected state independent from focus in multi-select trees, keyboard navigation, typeahead, and dynamic node position properties.
Documents treeitem as a node in a tree, including parent and end-node behavior, group nesting, aria-expanded, aria-selected or aria-checked selection state, aria-multiselectable constraints, selectable versus nonselectable nodes, accessible names, keyboard interactions, and JavaScript focus and selection management requirements.
Documents current-item semantics for related sets, including aria-current="step" for multi-step process indicators, the requirement to mark only one item current, and the distinction from selected tab or option state.
Documents credential-related autocomplete tokens including username, current-password, new-password, and one-time-code for account, sign-in, password change, and additional-factor flows.
Documents autocomplete name for a person's full name, says using name is generally preferred because of diverse human-name structures, and lists component tokens including honorific-prefix, given-name, additional-name, family-name, honorific-suffix, and nickname when a service needs separate fields.
Documents the tel autocomplete token for a full telephone number and component tokens such as tel-country-code, tel-national, tel-area-code, tel-local, and tel-extension.
Documents the email autocomplete token for an email address and the role of autocomplete values in identifying input purpose for autofill and accessibility.
Documents current-password for an existing password, new-password for account creation or password changes, one-time-code for short-lived codes, and the role of autocomplete values in identifying input purpose.
Documents payment-card autocomplete tokens including cc-name, cc-number, cc-exp, cc-exp-month, cc-exp-year, cc-csc, cc-type, transaction-currency, and transaction-amount, plus the accessibility value of identifying input purpose.
Documents the mark element for passages relevant to the user's current activity, including search result examples, accessibility notes, and warnings not to use mark for unrelated syntax highlighting.
Documents the native meter element for scalar or fractional values within a known range, value/min/max/low/high/optimum attributes, default bounds, examples such as fuel level and scores, and the implicit meter role.
Documents 404 as the client error response when the server cannot find the requested resource, distinguishes temporary or permanent ambiguity from 410 Gone, and describes custom 404 pages.
Documents 503 as a temporary server-not-ready response, common maintenance or overload causes, Retry-After recovery timing, user-friendly response pages, support links, request identifiers, and cache caution.
Documents email inputs, browser email-format validation, supported attributes including autocomplete, list, maxlength, minlength, multiple, pattern, readonly, required and size, plus support for multiple comma-separated addresses when the multiple attribute is present.
Documents HTML number input value behavior, required, min, max, step, automatic numeric invalidation, lack of pattern support, browser validation limits, and the need for server-side validation.
Documents password inputs as text controls whose content is obscured, label requirements, current-password and new-password autocomplete values, required and length attributes, inputmode for PIN-like secrets, and normal text selection behavior.
Documents telephone input semantics, the absence of built-in format validation because phone formats vary globally, custom telephone keyboards on mobile, fallback to text input, and supported attributes including autocomplete, pattern, maxlength, minlength, placeholder, and size.
Documents the ARIA feed role as a dynamic scrollable list of articles where articles may be added or removed from either end as users read or scroll through rich content.
Documents the cite element for marking up the title of a cited creative work, with citation metadata conventions depending on context.
Documents EventSource as a persistent connection for receiving text/event-stream events and closing the connection when needed.
Documents navigator.share as a secure-context method that invokes the device native share mechanism, requires valid supported data and user activation, and can fail because of permissions, unsupported files, cancellation, or unavailable targets.
Documents server-sent events as a browser API for servers to push messages to a web page over an event stream.
Documents the Web Share API for sharing text, links, files, and other content to user-selected operating-system share targets such as clipboard, email, contacts, messaging, and wireless channels.
Documents phone-number verification with one-time passwords from specially formatted SMS messages, user-consented OTP retrieval, secure-context requirements, cancellation behavior, and use of autocomplete one-time-code with inputmode numeric for SMS-code fields.
Documents the grid role as a composite widget whose cells can be focused with two-dimensional keyboard navigation, including related row, rowgroup, gridcell, rowheader, columnheader, aria-multiselectable, aria-readonly, and interactive-widget implementation requirements.
Documents treegrid as a combination of tree and grid roles with rows, columns, gridcells, expandable parent rows, aria-expanded rules, aria-level, aria-posinset, aria-setsize, managed focus, aria-rowcount, aria-colcount, row and column indices, accessible naming, aria-activedescendant alternatives, sorting, menus, and readonly behavior.
Documents the native details element as a disclosure widget with summary label, open state, toggle event, keyboard activation, and grouping behavior through the name attribute.
Documents that aria-keyshortcuts exposes implemented keyboard shortcuts that activate or focus an element, supporting shortcut discoverability for assistive technology.
Documents implementing a drop zone backed by a file input, accepting files from the operating system, cancelling default browser file handling, using dragover and drop events, processing DataTransferItem files, wiring the same behavior to the input change event, and clearing previews.
Defines graceful degradation as designing a modern experience that falls back to an experience that still delivers essential content and functionality in less capable browsers or environments.
Documents address-related autocomplete tokens such as street-address, address-line1, address-line2, address-level2, country-name, and postal-code for browser autofill and input purpose identification.
Documents the file input capture hint for requesting a newly captured image, video, or audio file and notes limited browser availability.
Documents browser drag-and-drop interfaces, including selecting draggable elements, dragging to droppable elements, releasing to drop, drag feedback, customizing draggable elements, feedback, and drop targets.
Documents the HTML table element, captions, table sections, row and column headers, scope, accessibility considerations, and responsive display cautions.
Documents tabIndex as representing tab order and explains how positive, zero, negative, and omitted values participate in sequential focus navigation.
Documents native file input value behavior, selected FileList access, accept type specifiers, multiple file selection, capture hints, and the need to validate selected files beyond client-side accept filtering.
Documents native time input for hours, minutes, and optional seconds, with value stored as 24-hour HH:mm or HH:mm:ss with leading zeros, min and max constraints, step granularity in seconds, required validation, datalist suggestions, and cross-midnight min/max behavior.
Documents camera and microphone constraints, capabilities, settings, facing mode, resolution, and fallback behavior when constraints cannot be satisfied.
Documents requesting camera or microphone media streams, user permission prompts, constraints, returned MediaStream tracks, and error cases for denied or unavailable media.
Defines progressive enhancement as starting with baseline content and functionality, then layering advanced capabilities while distinguishing it from graceful degradation.
Documents the beforeunload event for warning users about impending unsaved data loss, including browser restrictions, sticky activation, mobile reliability limits, and the recommendation to attach listeners only while unsaved changes exist.
Documents presence as a resource containing a user's availability and activity, change notifications, get and set presence methods, status message methods, work-location signals, and availability and activity values such as available, busy, doNotDisturb, focusing, inACall, inAMeeting, offline, presenting, outOfOffice, and presenceUnknown.
Documents Teams activity feed notifications for changes requiring attention, with actor, reason, timestamp, preview, topic, app icon, deep links, batch notifications, delegated notifications, localization, and use cases for news, collaboration, reminders, and alerts.
Documents that WEB debit originators must include account validation in commercially reasonable fraud detection, with validation required for first use and account-number changes.
Documents authentication assurance, subscriber accounts, authenticator issuance, return-visit authentication, one-time-service account-avoidance context, MFA and phishing-resistant options, protected channels, privacy requirements, and customer-experience considerations for authentication services.
Distinguishes email confirmation codes used to validate email addresses from authentication processes, while cautioning that email is not an out-of-band authenticator for authentication.
Documents passwords as memorized secrets, minimum and maximum length expectations, acceptance of spaces and printable characters, no composition rules, blocklist checks for creation, rate limiting, password-manager and autofill support, paste support, display option, protected channels, and salted password hashing.
Documents failed authentication attempt rate limiting, disabled authenticators after excessive failures, delay before retry, risk-based controls, bot detection, successful-authentication retry reset, password-manager and paste support, and user feedback on remaining attempts or wait time.
Identifies PSTN out-of-band authentication as a restricted authenticator, requiring risk assessment, notice of security risks, unrestricted alternatives at the required assurance level, mitigation of excessive risk, and migration planning when SMS or voice is used for authentication.
Documents session inactivity timeout, overall timeout, termination, reauthentication reset behavior, and assurance-level session management requirements.
Documents payment account selection requirements, including account identification details such as account number and sort code, roll number when required, IBAN, saved account choices, and bank redirection flows.
Documents streamed response event types emitted when a Response is created with stream enabled.
Documents authentication response design that avoids user enumeration, including account registration responses where an existing user should receive a neutral activation-link message rather than a direct account-exists disclosure.
Documents login throttling, account lockout thresholds, observation windows, lockout duration, exponential lockout, denial-of-service risk, CAPTCHA cautions, logging and monitoring, and password-manager guidance.
Documents password-manager-friendly authentication forms using standard HTML username and password inputs, reasonable maximum length, printable characters, paste support for username, password, and MFA fields, and simple Tab navigation.
Documents password strength controls including minimum length, at least 64 character maximum support, no silent truncation, all characters including Unicode and whitespace, no composition rules, password strength meters, breached-password blocking, and avoiding periodic password changes.
Documents forgot-password request handling, consistent response messages and timing, side-channel delivery, cryptographically strong single-use expiring tokens, rate limiting, no automatic login after reset, optional session invalidation, and post-reset notification.
Supports testing whether application UI components disclose sensitive information, including values that should be protected from unnecessary display or leakage.
Documents MFA factors, authenticator app and push options, SMS and email caveats, passkeys, recovery codes, lost-factor recovery, remember-device controls, risk-based prompts, factor change protection, and user notification.
Documents testing registration, login, and recovery flows for account enumeration through different messages, redirects, response bodies, response times, and user-specific URLs.
Documents testing MFA bypass, access-control enforcement, brute-force protection, recovery-code strength and single-use behavior, notification when recovery codes are used, and management of MFA settings.
Documents account lockout as brute-force mitigation, the balance between account protection and legitimate access, unsuccessful attempt thresholds, lockout duration, self-service unlock, and administrator unlock paths.
Documents password reset testing for HTTPS reset links, token reuse, token expiry, token predictability, account binding, old-password invalidation, and secure change or reset behavior.
Documents PCI DSS as the baseline technical and operational requirements for entities that store, process, or transmit cardholder data or sensitive authentication data.
Documents that stored cardholder data must be limited to necessary purposes, protected under PCI DSS, securely deleted when no longer required, and that sensitive authentication data such as card verification codes is not stored after authorization.
Frames popovers as top-layer, ephemeral UI that closes when users move on, including click-away and Escape dismissal and one-at-a-time behavior.
Defines the popover global attribute, including auto popovers, light-dismiss behavior through outside click or Escape, nested popover behavior, hint popovers, and manual popovers.
Documents retrieving a cursor-paginated thread of messages posted to a conversation, required channel and thread timestamp arguments, parent thread timestamp, parent user id, reply count, subscribed state, last read, unread count, has_more, next cursor, and access errors.
Documents active and away presence values, automatic away detection, manual away behavior, users.setPresence, automatic status reset behavior, and the limit that applications cannot force a user to active.
Documents PaymentIntent lifecycle states including requires payment method, requires confirmation, requires action, processing, succeeded, canceled, retry after decline, and capture or cancellation boundaries.
Documents awareness in collaborative spaces as real-time user activity information including presence, cursor positions, and custom user states, powered by Yjs without maintaining historical records of the states.
Documents popover invocation, focus order adjacency, Escape close requests, focus returning to the invoker, and auto, manual, and hint popover behavior.
Documents U.S. postal address standards, delivery address line structure, street suffixes, secondary unit designators, compression guidance, and ZIP-oriented mailing address conventions.
Documents axes as visualizing scales with axis lines, ticks, and labels that convey how positional ranges represent data ranges.
Documents mapping data fields to visual encoding channels and automatic generation of scales and legends for encoded fields.
Documents legends for color, opacity, size, and shape channels when those encodings represent data fields.
Documents tooltip behavior based on encoded fields or underlying data points.
Documents role=log as a way to expose appended sequential updates such as chat conversation history to assistive technologies.
Defines APIs for requesting local audio and video media, constraints, permissions, media tracks, and privacy indicators for active capture devices.
Specifies mixed-content risks, blocking behavior, warnings for insecure form submissions, user ability to abort unsafe submissions, and accessible user controls for overrides.
Provides privacy principles for minimizing data processing, making recognition expected and controllable, and giving people ongoing control over uses of data about themselves.
Documents accessible carousel structure, functionality, animations, styling, user controls, stop and resume behavior, and announcement of carousel items.
Documents the requirement that meaningful non-text visual cues meet contrast expectations against adjacent colors.
Documents that functionality using multipoint or path-based gestures must also be operable with a single pointer without a path-based gesture, including examples such as pinch, two-finger gestures, swipes, carousels, map zoom controls, and simple pointer alternatives.
Documents that functionality using dragging movements must also be achievable by a single pointer without dragging unless dragging is essential, with scope limited to author-interpreted pointer actions.
Documents pointer-target minimum size and spacing expectations, including 24 by 24 CSS pixel target size, spacing exceptions, equivalent controls, and the importance of reducing accidental activation for touchscreen and other pointer users.
Documents the accessibility goal of providing more than one way to locate content, supporting alternate navigation paths when a single route does not work for all users.
Documents preserving user activity and data through re-authentication, reinforcing that exit and session-boundary warnings should protect context rather than merely announce loss.
Documents warning users about inactivity durations that can cause data loss unless data is preserved long enough, supporting clear warnings for exit or timeout conditions that risk losing work.
Explains the WCAG Level A requirement for a mechanism to bypass repeated blocks, including examples of top skip links, filter bypasses, headings, and landmarks.
Documents that path-based drag-and-drop actions should be cancellable by releasing outside the target, moving the item back, confirming after drop, or providing undo, with attention to pointer and touch assistive technology constraints.
Documents modal dialog implementation checks including Escape dismissal and returning focus to the invoking element.
Documents scripting techniques that should degrade gracefully when script is unsupported, including avoiding javascript URI dependencies and providing accessible scripted behavior.
Defines the Geolocation API for retrieving device location with user consent, position options, position errors, permission checks, privacy considerations, and watch or clear-watch lifecycle.
Defines common browser permission infrastructure for powerful features, user choices to allow or deny access, querying permission state, state-change notification, permission lifetime, and reacting to revocation.
Defines a web API for tactile vibration feedback, vibration patterns, cancellation behavior, visibility and security considerations, user-agent limits, and limited availability.
Documents fly-out and drop-down navigation menus for site hierarchy, including submenu indication, aria-expanded state, mouse delay for imprecise pointer movement, keyboard-specific behavior, parent-as-toggle and separate-button toggle options, and alternate access to submenu items.
Explains data table structure, header and data-cell relationships, th and td usage, captions, scope, id and headers associations, and avoiding layout-table misuse.
Explains accessibility risks for shortcuts made only from letter, punctuation, number, or symbol keys and requires a way to turn them off, remap them, or limit them to focused components.
Explains that sequential navigation must move focus in an order that preserves meaning and operability when navigation sequence affects meaning or operation.
Explains that keyboard-operable interfaces need a mode where the keyboard focus indicator is visible so users can identify the focused element.
Explains that speech-input users can activate controls by speaking visible labels when those labels are included in accessible names.
Explains that keyboard focus must not become trapped inside a subsection unless users know how to leave that state and can do so with the keyboard.
Defines breadcrumbs as hierarchical parent-page links in a labeled navigation landmark, with aria-current="page" on the current page link when it is a link.
Defines checkbox checked, unchecked, and mixed states, accessible labels, grouped descriptions, and Space-key toggling behavior.
Defines combobox as an input widget with an associated popup, editable and select-only variants, collapsed and expanded states, popup roles, aria-controls, aria-expanded, aria-activedescendant, option selection, Escape cancellation, Enter acceptance, and keyboard behavior while preserving standard text editing.
Documents disclosure buttons for navigation links, warns not to use ARIA menu roles for typical site navigation, wraps disclosure groups in a navigation landmark, and demonstrates optional keyboard support beyond Tab and Enter.
Documents disclosure as a button-controlled show-hide widget with collapsed and expanded content states, Enter and Space activation, expanded state, and optional controlled-content association.
Defines listbox as a visible list of selectable options, with single-select and multi-select variants, option naming constraints, grouped options, focus versus selection, selection-follows-focus tradeoffs, typeahead, Home and End, aria-activedescendant, aria-multiselectable, aria-selected or aria-checked, and cautions against interactive elements inside options.
Defines menu behavior, menuitem roles, Arrow key navigation, activation, Escape dismissal, submenus, and context-specific menu invocation such as Shift+F10.
Defines a menu button as a button that opens a menu, with role button, aria-haspopup set to menu or true, aria-expanded reflecting display state, optional aria-controls, a role menu popup, and keyboard opening with Enter, Space, Down Arrow, or Up Arrow.
Documents meter as a graphical numeric value in a defined range, gives battery and fuel examples, marks keyboard interaction as not applicable, requires role/name/min/max/current values for custom meters, and distinguishes meter from progressbar.
Defines radio group keyboard interaction, radiogroup/radio roles for custom implementations, checked state, labels, and described-by guidance.
Shows single-select and multi-select listboxes with action buttons that add, remove, mark importance, and reorder options; documents aria-keyshortcuts, aria-activedescendant focus management, live-region confirmations, focus placement after moves, and warnings that production implementations require assistive-technology testing.
Defines multi-thumb sliders where each thumb sets a related value, documents minimum and maximum examples, non-crossing dependent values, stable tab order, per-thumb slider roles, aria value properties, value text, labels, orientation, and touch assistive technology cautions.
Defines sliders as range inputs with a movable thumb, documents touch assistive technology cautions, keyboard increments, Home and End behavior, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax, aria-valuenow, aria-valuetext, labels, and orientation.
Defines spinbutton as a discrete range input with current value, optional increase and decrease controls, direct text editing, arrow keys, Home, End, optional Page Up and Page Down, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax, aria-valuenow, aria-valuetext, labeling, and invalid state.
Defines switches as binary on/off inputs, requires stable labels, documents Space and optional Enter toggling, and maps role switch with aria-checked state.
Defines tabs as layered tab panels with tablist, tab, tabpanel, aria-controls, aria-selected, arrow-key movement, optional manual activation, and focus-to-panel behavior.
Defines toolbar as a container for grouping controls, recommends one tab stop for the toolbar, arrow-key focus movement inside horizontal or vertical toolbars, orientation semantics, labelling, disabled control discoverability, and guidance for nested widgets that also use arrow keys.
Defines tooltips as focus or hover-triggered information popups, with focus remaining on the trigger, Escape dismissal, blur dismissal, pointer-out dismissal, and open-while-hovering behavior.
Defines tree view as a hierarchical list with expandable and collapsible items, single-select and multi-select models, focus distinct from selection, Right and Left Arrow expansion behavior, Up and Down movement, typeahead, aria-activedescendant support, aria-multiselectable, aria-selected or aria-checked state, labels, and dynamic-loading requirements for aria-level, aria-setsize, and aria-posinset.
Defines a window splitter as a moveable separator between panes, with focusable separator role, accessible pane naming, aria-valuenow, aria-valuemin, aria-valuemax, orientation, arrow-key resizing, Enter collapse or restore behavior, and optional Home and End movement.
Documents accordion headers as buttons inside headings, expanded state, controlled panels, optional region landmarks, Enter or Space activation, and optional arrow, Home, and End navigation.
Defines alert dialogs as modal interruptions for important messages that require a response, including role, modality, labelling, description, and keyboard dependency on modal dialog behavior.
Defines carousel as sequentially displaying a subset of slides, including rotation controls, previous and next controls, slide picker behavior, keyboard expectations, and stopping rotation on focus or hover.
Shows interactive tabular grids for financial transactions, including minimal keyboard grid navigation, sortable headers, editable cells, category popup editing, scrolling, and column show or hide behavior.
Defines modal dialog behavior, inert background content, contained tab sequence, Escape dismissal, focus placement, and focus return.
Defines feed as a dynamic section that loads article content as users scroll, including article semantics, keyboard reading behavior, aria-posinset, aria-setsize, and busy state guidance.
Defines grid as an interactive composite widget with one item in the page tab sequence, managed focus movement, data-grid versus layout-grid distinctions, arrow/Home/End/Page navigation, selection shortcuts, editing entry and exit conventions, grid roles, aria-sort, aria-selected, aria-readonly, and row or column count and index properties.
Documents accessible naming for focusable interactive elements, including icon button examples where the accessible name should describe the action rather than the icon shape.
Defines treegrid as a hierarchical data grid with expandable and collapsible parent rows, focusable rows and cells, focus versus selection distinction, row-first and cell-first keyboard navigation, expansion with Right and Left Arrow or Enter, selection shortcuts, row and cell roles, aria-expanded placement, aria-selected, aria-sort, aria-readonly, row and column counts, and row or column indices.
Defines accessible interaction patterns, roles, states, properties, and keyboard behavior for common web widgets.
Explains that color must not be the only visual means of conveying information and recommends additional visible cues such as text, shape, pattern, or luminance differences.
Explains that status messages should be programmatically determinable so assistive technologies can announce changes in content without moving focus.
Explains that additional content triggered by hover or focus must be dismissible, hoverable, and persistent so users can perceive and dismiss it without disrupting the page.
Documents that the default human language of each web page must be programmatically determined so user agents and assistive technologies can present text correctly.
Documents identifying changes in human language within a page so assistive technologies can apply correct pronunciation and presentation rules to multilingual content.
Defines browser speech recognition and synthesis interfaces for forms, continuous dictation, control, activation timing, alternatives, and recognition results.
Defines accelerated shape detection APIs including barcode detection, image sources, detected barcode values, bounding boxes, corner points, supported formats, and error behavior.
Documents awareness information such as presence and cursor locations, unique user names and colors, and sharing ephemeral collaboration metadata separate from document content.
Documents the awareness protocol as a network-agnostic CRDT for user status, cursor location, username, and email address, with local state updates and remote state-change listening.
Summarizes checkout usability research across order review, guest checkout, form fields, validation, shipping and payment steps, total cost clarity, trust concerns, and abandonment risks.
Reports that users often perceive names as one coherent entity, may enter their full name in a first-name field, and that splitting names can create interaction burden, required-or-optional ambiguity, and uncertainty around middle names and titles.
Documents removing identical attributes, grouping attributes, persistent column headings, row styling, highlighting differences, and the scanning burden caused by long comparison tables.
Documents why spec-driven products need comparison features, side-by-side specs, persistent compare checkboxes, selected-item reminders, desktop and mobile tradeoffs, and item-selection affordances.
Explains cards as bounded summaries of related information that link to details, group several information types, support flexible layouts, and work better for browsing heterogeneous items than for dense search or comparison.
Documents filter state research, including applied-filter summaries near results, result counts, clear-all behavior, no-filter, no-result, and synchronized versus unsynchronized filter states.
Research identifies upload journey considerations: set expectations early, make uploads understandable, give users control over added files, provide timely feedback, reduce barriers, support mobile and edge cases, and make the upload versus submit distinction clear.
Documents GOV.UK radio and checkbox components offering conditional reveal fields, common use for related follow-up questions, and accessibility risk where screen reader users may not be notified when new follow-up content appears.
Explains the safety rationale, cross-government consistency goal, vulnerable-user context, and accessibility tradeoffs behind the Exit this page component.
Documents research-driven task list changes including status tags no longer using uppercase text, whole-row clickable tasks, hint text, button-like status confusion, and drawing more attention to tasks needing action.
Research-backed guidelines for AI experiences, including capability disclosure, uncertainty, efficient dismissal, correction, and control.
Discusses mobile checkout friction, account creation pressure, form effort, progress clarity, payment and shipping review, and the need to reduce distractions and preserve purchase context on small screens.
Documents request copy, timing, decision reversal, informed choice, user benefit framing, contextual asks, and avoidance of dark patterns for permission and consent-like requests.
Describes full-page mobile overlays, dismissal confusion, lost work, stacked overlay risks, and the need for clear close and built-in back behavior.
Warns that carousels and accordions should change panels only when users ask, because auto-forwarding can interrupt reading, reduce visibility, and cause missed content.
Defines bottom sheets as mobile bottom-edge overlays for contextual details or actions, describes progressive disclosure, and warns that they obscure part of the screen.
Explains carousel tradeoffs for high-value page real estate and emphasizes visible, understandable controls, content quality, and considering static or integrated alternatives.
Explains infinite scrolling as continuous content loading and covers when it supports browsing versus when pagination or load-more controls better preserve orientation and task completion.
Defines progressive disclosure as deferring advanced or rarely used features to secondary screens or reveal paths so interfaces are easier to learn and less error-prone.
Analyzes swipe-to-delete and contextual swipe actions, including discoverability, accidental activation, action clarity, and the risks of hiding multiple row actions behind a gesture.
Documents homepage principles for easy access, communicating purpose, revealing content through examples, prompting action and navigation, and keeping homepages simple.
Documents the need to mark required fields clearly in forms and explains why relying only on optional-field marking or top instructions can make form completion harder.
Documents homepage usability guidance for clear starting points for the main few tasks, visible search on large sites, real content examples, keyword-first link names, recent-feature access, and visual design that supports interaction.
Documents comparison tables for a small number of offerings, options-as-columns and attributes-as-rows structure, static and dynamic comparison types, item limits, consistency, scannability, sticky column headers, meaningful attributes, and difference controls.
Documents comparison as a major table task, including frozen headers and columns, adjacent data for comparison, row styling, and bringing information of interest close together.
Documents mobile table constraints, including locked headers and allowing users to choose a subset of data to make large or comparison tables usable on small screens.
Defines onboarding as dedicated flows and UI elements for getting users familiar with an interface, including setup, feature promotion, customization, and instructions, while recommending skipping onboarding when the product can be learned directly.
Documents risks of interruptive tutorials, low memorability, and weak task-performance outcomes, and contrasts front-loaded tutorials with contextual help that users can activate when needed.
Practical guidance for human-centered AI products, including user trust, expectations, explanation, feedback, and uncertainty-aware AI product decisions.
Documents AI limitation failures, missing or incomplete data, low confidence, unexpected input, context errors, manual alternatives, feedback, and recovery paths.
Documents trust calibration, probability and uncertainty, partial explanations, system explanations, output explanations, confidence displays, and when users should apply judgment.
Documents AI onboarding guidance for benefits, primary limitations, feedback, co-learning, safe exploration, human-like expectation risks, and clear communication of AI capabilities and limits.
Explains quick escape buttons on domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking sites, including their usefulness for over-the-shoulder risk and limitations around browser history and device monitoring.
Explains that users often stick with defaults, and recommends choosing helpful defaults from common or representative values rather than arbitrary ordering.
Explains global differences in personal-name structure, order, length, scripts, patronymics, multiple family names, single names, nicknames, titles, previous names, pronunciation, native-script and Latin transcription needs, and the risks of splitting or algorithmically parsing names.
Describes speech recognition as speech-to-text, virtual assistant, and speech user interface input used for dictation, navigation, and command activation.
Explains skip navigation links for keyboard and screen-reader users, recommends placing the link first, making it prominent when focused, and avoiding display none or hidden attributes.