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Citation display vs Chat interface vs Streaming response vs Related links vs Tooltip

Choose citation display when users need to inspect claim-level evidence through an inline citation marker, selected citation state, source preview, and open source action.

Decision dimensions

Dimension Citation displayChat interfaceStreaming responseRelated linksTooltip
UI or UX UI + UX - Inline claim-to-source evidence display for generated or summarized contentUI + UX - Multi-turn conversation surface with transcript, composer, assistant responses, and conversation historyUI + UX - Incremental generated-output surface that renders response chunks before final completionUI + UX - Curated onward links connected to the current contentUI + UX - Short noninteractive description tied to a trigger
UI guidance Render citation markers beside the claims they support, and connect each marker to a selected source preview with title, source type, excerpt, date or version, permission state, and open source action.Render chat as an ordered transcript with visible user and assistant roles, turn boundaries, timestamps or relative position, current draft composer, submitted prompt, response status, source or tool indicators, and conversation-level controls.Render streamed output with a visible generation state, partial-answer label, stop control, final-complete state, and clear distinction between text that is still arriving and content that has passed final citation, safety, tool, or format checks.Render a short, labelled collection of links whose destinations are closely related to the current content, using destination-specific link text and optional relation labels such as service, guidance, external, or PDF.Render a tooltip as a small text-only bubble visually tied to a focusable trigger, with concise copy, readable contrast, stable placement, and an optional arrow that points to the target.
UX guidance Use citation display when users must verify where a generated claim, summary, or recommendation came from without leaving the answer context.Use a chat interface when users need a multi-turn assistant conversation where later prompts can depend on earlier turns, responses can be inspected or continued, and conversation history can be saved, resumed, deleted, or limited by policy.Use a streaming response when showing partial generated output helps users start reading or monitoring work before the model finishes, and when the product can explain that early chunks may still change, be filtered, or lack final sources.Use related links to support users who have finished or understood the current content and need a relevant next page, adjacent service, reference, or follow-up resource.Use tooltips to add a brief description on focus or hover without asking users to open a separate layer or change task mode.
Good UI A policy assistant places numbered citation chips after each sourced claim; selecting a chip opens a source preview with the document title, section, quoted excerpt, updated date, and Open source action.A research assistant chat shows user and assistant bubbles, turn numbers, source chips, streaming status, Stop, Copy answer, Regenerate, New chat, and a conversations list with the active chat title.A policy assistant shows Answer generating, streams paragraphs into a stable answer region, marks citations pending, exposes Stop generation, then changes to Complete when citations and safety checks finish.A benefits guidance page ends with Related links: Check eligibility for support, Upload evidence for your claim, and Appeal a support decision, each with a concise relation label.A labelled Archive icon button receives focus and shows a short tooltip that says Moves this report to archived reports.
Bad UI An answer ends with five links under Sources but no marker shows which link supports which claim.A chat panel shows one undifferentiated wall of text with no user or assistant roles, no submitted prompt, and no visible conversation identity.A generated answer appears word by word with no partial label, no stop control, and a Copy button that looks ready before sources arrive.A page ends with More information containing Home, Contact us, Apply now, Old 2018 guidance, Help, and an unrelated account settings link.A mystery icon has no label and the only explanation is a hover-only tooltip that never appears for touch users.
Good UX A user checks a claim, opens its source preview, compares the quoted excerpt with the answer text, and copies the citation with the source title included.A user asks for a policy summary, follows up with Compare that to the renewal clause, sees that the second answer used the first answer and selected file, then exports the two-turn transcript.A user sees the first-token state quickly, reads early outline bullets while the answer continues, stops generation after enough detail, and sees the result labelled Partial with Continue and Regenerate options.A user reads claim renewal guidance, chooses Upload evidence for your claim, and sees why that destination is the next useful service page.Tabbing to Archive keeps focus on the button, shows a short description, Escape hides it, and focus remains on Archive.
Bad UX A user trusts a generated compliance claim because it has a number beside it, but the number points to an unrelated source.A follow-up uses prior conversation context after chat history has been switched off, without explaining that current-session context still exists.A user copies an early legal recommendation before the final paragraph reverses the conclusion after a tool result arrives.Users follow a generic More information link and land on an unrelated policy collection.A user presses Escape to hide the tooltip and focus jumps to the top of the page.
Best fit Users need to verify generated claims, summaries, recommendations, or extracted facts against source material.The user needs a back-and-forth assistant conversation with follow-up questions and answer refinement.Generated text or structured content can be read or monitored before completion.The current page has a few genuinely adjacent pages, services, programs, or resources users often need next.A compact control needs a brief supplemental explanation.
Avoid when The product cannot reliably map claims to sources or label unresolved citations honestly.The task can be completed with a single structured prompt box, form, or command.Intermediate chunks may expose unsafe, private, or misleading content.Links are only loosely associated by topic tags or organizational ownership.The text is the only label or action name.
Required state Default answer with cited claims and inline citation markers.Empty new chat with conversation title, mode, history or retention status, and a labelled composer.Queued or receiving state before first output arrives.Default state with a labelled, curated related-links block and descriptive link text.Resting trigger state with a visible or accessible name that works without the tooltip.
Accessibility burden Give citation markers accessible names that include their selected state and source status, such as Citation 2, verified source, or Citation pending.Expose the transcript as an ordered region and use a sequential update strategy such as role=log for appended messages where appropriate.Expose stream milestones such as started, still generating, stopped, failed, citation ready, and complete as status messages.Use descriptive link text that makes sense out of context.Use tooltip text as a description with aria-describedby when it supplements the trigger.
Common misuse Displaying a link dump below the answer instead of mapping sources to specific claims.Treating chat as a large textarea plus latest answer with no durable turn identity.Showing a blinking cursor with no state, stop control, or elapsed feedback.Using related links as a catch-all further-reading dump.Using hover-only tooltip text as the only label for an icon button.

Citation display

UI or UX
UI + UX - Inline claim-to-source evidence display for generated or summarized content
UI guidance
Render citation markers beside the claims they support, and connect each marker to a selected source preview with title, source type, excerpt, date or version, permission state, and open source action.
UX guidance
Use citation display when users must verify where a generated claim, summary, or recommendation came from without leaving the answer context.
Good UI
A policy assistant places numbered citation chips after each sourced claim; selecting a chip opens a source preview with the document title, section, quoted excerpt, updated date, and Open source action.
Bad UI
An answer ends with five links under Sources but no marker shows which link supports which claim.
Good UX
A user checks a claim, opens its source preview, compares the quoted excerpt with the answer text, and copies the citation with the source title included.
Bad UX
A user trusts a generated compliance claim because it has a number beside it, but the number points to an unrelated source.
Best fit
Users need to verify generated claims, summaries, recommendations, or extracted facts against source material.
Avoid when
The product cannot reliably map claims to sources or label unresolved citations honestly.
Required state
Default answer with cited claims and inline citation markers.
Accessibility burden
Give citation markers accessible names that include their selected state and source status, such as Citation 2, verified source, or Citation pending.
Common misuse
Displaying a link dump below the answer instead of mapping sources to specific claims.

Chat interface

UI or UX
UI + UX - Multi-turn conversation surface with transcript, composer, assistant responses, and conversation history
UI guidance
Render chat as an ordered transcript with visible user and assistant roles, turn boundaries, timestamps or relative position, current draft composer, submitted prompt, response status, source or tool indicators, and conversation-level controls.
UX guidance
Use a chat interface when users need a multi-turn assistant conversation where later prompts can depend on earlier turns, responses can be inspected or continued, and conversation history can be saved, resumed, deleted, or limited by policy.
Good UI
A research assistant chat shows user and assistant bubbles, turn numbers, source chips, streaming status, Stop, Copy answer, Regenerate, New chat, and a conversations list with the active chat title.
Bad UI
A chat panel shows one undifferentiated wall of text with no user or assistant roles, no submitted prompt, and no visible conversation identity.
Good UX
A user asks for a policy summary, follows up with Compare that to the renewal clause, sees that the second answer used the first answer and selected file, then exports the two-turn transcript.
Bad UX
A follow-up uses prior conversation context after chat history has been switched off, without explaining that current-session context still exists.
Best fit
The user needs a back-and-forth assistant conversation with follow-up questions and answer refinement.
Avoid when
The task can be completed with a single structured prompt box, form, or command.
Required state
Empty new chat with conversation title, mode, history or retention status, and a labelled composer.
Accessibility burden
Expose the transcript as an ordered region and use a sequential update strategy such as role=log for appended messages where appropriate.
Common misuse
Treating chat as a large textarea plus latest answer with no durable turn identity.

Streaming response

UI or UX
UI + UX - Incremental generated-output surface that renders response chunks before final completion
UI guidance
Render streamed output with a visible generation state, partial-answer label, stop control, final-complete state, and clear distinction between text that is still arriving and content that has passed final citation, safety, tool, or format checks.
UX guidance
Use a streaming response when showing partial generated output helps users start reading or monitoring work before the model finishes, and when the product can explain that early chunks may still change, be filtered, or lack final sources.
Good UI
A policy assistant shows Answer generating, streams paragraphs into a stable answer region, marks citations pending, exposes Stop generation, then changes to Complete when citations and safety checks finish.
Bad UI
A generated answer appears word by word with no partial label, no stop control, and a Copy button that looks ready before sources arrive.
Good UX
A user sees the first-token state quickly, reads early outline bullets while the answer continues, stops generation after enough detail, and sees the result labelled Partial with Continue and Regenerate options.
Bad UX
A user copies an early legal recommendation before the final paragraph reverses the conclusion after a tool result arrives.
Best fit
Generated text or structured content can be read or monitored before completion.
Avoid when
Intermediate chunks may expose unsafe, private, or misleading content.
Required state
Queued or receiving state before first output arrives.
Accessibility burden
Expose stream milestones such as started, still generating, stopped, failed, citation ready, and complete as status messages.
Common misuse
Showing a blinking cursor with no state, stop control, or elapsed feedback.

Related links

UI or UX
UI + UX - Curated onward links connected to the current content
UI guidance
Render a short, labelled collection of links whose destinations are closely related to the current content, using destination-specific link text and optional relation labels such as service, guidance, external, or PDF.
UX guidance
Use related links to support users who have finished or understood the current content and need a relevant next page, adjacent service, reference, or follow-up resource.
Good UI
A benefits guidance page ends with Related links: Check eligibility for support, Upload evidence for your claim, and Appeal a support decision, each with a concise relation label.
Bad UI
A page ends with More information containing Home, Contact us, Apply now, Old 2018 guidance, Help, and an unrelated account settings link.
Good UX
A user reads claim renewal guidance, chooses Upload evidence for your claim, and sees why that destination is the next useful service page.
Bad UX
Users follow a generic More information link and land on an unrelated policy collection.
Best fit
The current page has a few genuinely adjacent pages, services, programs, or resources users often need next.
Avoid when
Links are only loosely associated by topic tags or organizational ownership.
Required state
Default state with a labelled, curated related-links block and descriptive link text.
Accessibility burden
Use descriptive link text that makes sense out of context.
Common misuse
Using related links as a catch-all further-reading dump.

Tooltip

UI or UX
UI + UX - Short noninteractive description tied to a trigger
UI guidance
Render a tooltip as a small text-only bubble visually tied to a focusable trigger, with concise copy, readable contrast, stable placement, and an optional arrow that points to the target.
UX guidance
Use tooltips to add a brief description on focus or hover without asking users to open a separate layer or change task mode.
Good UI
A labelled Archive icon button receives focus and shows a short tooltip that says Moves this report to archived reports.
Bad UI
A mystery icon has no label and the only explanation is a hover-only tooltip that never appears for touch users.
Good UX
Tabbing to Archive keeps focus on the button, shows a short description, Escape hides it, and focus remains on Archive.
Bad UX
A user presses Escape to hide the tooltip and focus jumps to the top of the page.
Best fit
A compact control needs a brief supplemental explanation.
Avoid when
The text is the only label or action name.
Required state
Resting trigger state with a visible or accessible name that works without the tooltip.
Accessibility burden
Use tooltip text as a description with aria-describedby when it supplements the trigger.
Common misuse
Using hover-only tooltip text as the only label for an icon button.
Decision rules
  • Choose citation display when users need to inspect claim-level evidence through an inline citation marker, selected citation state, source preview, and open source action.
  • Choose chat interface when the design problem is the whole conversation transcript, prompt composer, turns, history, and follow-up context rather than one claim-to-source mapping.
  • Choose streaming response when the product must show partial generated output, pending citation status, stop generation, failed stream recovery, or completion state as events arrive.
  • Choose related links when the links are an optional onward navigation list or supporting resources, not evidence for a specific claim in the current answer.
  • Choose tooltip when a control needs a brief hover or focus hint; do not hide citation evidence, source title, quote, date, permission, or mismatch warnings in a tooltip.
  • A citation display must preserve the mapping between the claim, inline citation marker, source preview, quote or excerpt, source metadata, and open source destination.
  • Show pending citation, stale source, missing source, permission-limited source, and source mismatch states separately so users do not mistake unresolved evidence for verified source support.
  • Provide copy citation and open source actions only when they act on the selected source, and label whether the copied text is a citation, a quoted excerpt, or the generated claim.
  • When citations are produced during streaming, mark citations as pending until retrieval, permissions, and final answer text settle.
  • Treat citation display as source linkage, not a confidence score; the citation proves source presence and mapping, not overall correctness.
Inspect live examples
Failure modes
  • Inline numbers are decorative and do not open a source preview or source record.
  • The interface shows a link dump below the answer without claim-level mapping.
  • A citation stays attached after regeneration even though the claim changed.
  • A missing source, permission-limited source, or stale source appears identical to a verified source.
  • A tooltip hides the source details and disappears before keyboard or touch users can inspect evidence.
  • Users copy a claim believing it includes source support, but the copied text omits citation context.